Chapter 14 Family Relationships

Question 1

Baumrinds 4 Parenting styles

Answer 1

Expressions of warmth
Strategies for discipline
Quality of communication
Expectations for maturity

Question 2

Authoritative Style

Answer 2

• High warmth
• High level of communication to and from parent & child
• Age appropriate expectations for maturity
• Discipline strategies involve much discussion, firm but fair limits
• “the teacher”

Question 3

Authoritarian Style

Answer 3

• Little warmth
• Communication is one way (Commands from parent)
• Very high expectations for maturity
• Strict, frequent discipline strategies
• “The Ruler”!

Question 4

Indulgent-permesive Style

Answer 4

• High warmth; highly involved with their children’s life
• High amount of communication from child to parent
• Few to no expectations or demands for maturity
• Little no discipline
• “The Friend”

Question 5

Indifferent-Uninvolved

Answer 5

• Provides little attention, little warmth present
• Little communication between parent & child
• Few to no expectations or demands…
• Low or no involvement in childs life, little discipline
• “Neglectful”

Question 6

Outcomes of Authoritarian Style

Answer 6

Child is obedient and quiet but may also be rebellious

Question 7

Outcomes of Authoritative Style

Answer 7

Children are self-controlled, socially competent, cooperative with highest overall competence

Question 8

Outcomes of Indulgent Permessive

Answer 8

Children often fail to learn respect for others, tend to be immature, out of control

Question 9

Outcomes of Indifferent uninvolved

Answer 9

Children have poor social skills, poor self control and demanding

Question 10

Specific behaviors that parents use to influence their children include

Answer 10

1. Direct Instruction: What when how and why (Authoritative)
   What when and how (Authoritarian)
2. Besing Observed
3. Feedback: reinforcement & punishment, rewards, taking something pleasurable to them
   (Authoritative: punishment and reinforcement)
   (Authoritarian: just punishment)

Question 11

Negative reinforcement trap

Answer 11

Parents often unknowingly reinforce behaviors they want to prevent

ex:when parents ask can you set the table. child makes an excuse, then the parents ends up setting the table

Question 12

Parental behavior for punishment

Answer 12

• administered directly after the undesired behavior occurs, not hours after
• an undesired behavior always leads to punishment, rather than usually or occasionally
• accompanied by an explanation of why the child was punished and how punishment can be avoided in the future(Authoritative)

Question 13

Grandparents Roles

Answer 13

(seen once or twice a month)

• Influential: very close and very involved in their lives; frequently perform parental roles
• going to parent teach conferences
• helping them with homework
• discipling them
• Supportive: close and involved but do not take on parental roles
• take them to the park and such

-Detached: uninvolved

Question 14

The family as a system- Bronfenbrenner

Answer 14

• Families form a system of interacting elements that mutually influence each other
• he saw the developing child embedded in a series of complex and interactive systems

Question 15

Effects of Divorce on Children

Answer 15

• Divorce affects children’s conduct, school achievement, adjustment, self-concept, and relationships with parents;
• All children feel pain and loss and negative outcomes especially in the short term after a divorce
• Results differ as to the long term effect of divorce
• Dr. Wallerstein versus Dr. Hetherington

Question 16

Blended Families

Answer 16

-The most significant factor in the comparative instability of remarriages is the presence of step children
(If there is a step child in the family is effects the success of the family)

- Preadolescent boys benefit from presence of stepfather;
- Preadolescent girls do not adjust as easily to mother's remarriage
- Noncustodial mothers are more likely to maintain close and frequent contact with children tun noncustodial fathers