Chapter 13 Gender and Development Flashcards
How do we see men and women
Males: Instrumental traits
Females: Expressive traits
(Gender Stereotypes)
beliefs about how males and females differ in personality traits, interests, and behaviors
Gender Stereotypes and Age 2
basic gender-related preferences and roles are apparent
Gender Stereotypes and Age 4
Awareness of “gender-appropriate” toys and roles
Gender Stereotypes and Age 5
US children judge 1/3 of traits as stereotypically as adults do; by age 11 90%
Gender Stereotypes and Age 6
well formed ideas and prejudices about own and other sex
Gender Awareness: Sex differences
Biological differences between males and females
Gender Awareness: Gender differences
Culturally imposed differences in the roles and behaviors of males and females
Gender Awareness: role
set of expectations of how females or males should think, act or feel
Gender Awareness: Identity/labeling
a conviction that one belongs to the sex of birth
Gender Awareness: Stability
The knowledge you will remain your sex but this is NOT consistent
Gender Awareness: Consistency
understanding that maleness and femaleness do not change over situations
Gender Awareness: Constancy
When Identity/labeling & consistency are understood
Gender Difference: Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud)
- Phallic Stage = third stage of psychosexual development
- Oedipus (boys), Electra (girls) complexes of phallic stage
Gender Difference: Gender Scheme Theory
- Gender schemas organize the work into “male” and “female activities
- This is guided by an internal motivation to conform to sociocultural standards of gender
Gender Difference: behaviorist theory
-gender roles are learned through observation and punishment
Socializing Influences: Parental Influence
- Study in a hospital nursery
- parents interaction
Socializing Influences: Peer Influence
-“Gender school” -what is appropriate for boys/girls. boys more rigid held accountable, girls more expressive/flexibility
Socializing Influences: Teacher & School Influence
- Chores given by the teacher
- “Who’s talking” -study to see who talks more boys or girls
- Responding to students
Socializing Influences: Media Influence
- Portrayal of men and women in television
- media print
Emerging Gender Roles
-Androgynous: the social and psychological condition by which individuals think, feel, and behave both instrumentally (male-like) and expressively (female-like)
Differences in Boys & Girls
-Physical: Boys are bigger, stronger, faster and more active; Girls are better on tasks requiring fine motor condition
Differences in intellectual abilities and achievements
- Verbal abilities: girls more verbal than boys
- Math: girls better at computational skills. Boys better at problem solving.
Differences in personality and social behavior
- Aggression: related more to males than females. Verbally aggressive-girls
- Emotional sensitivity: anger more acceptable in boys
