Chapter 14 Flashcards
The world systems
The world system and relations among countries within it have been shaped by capitalist world economy
Capitalist world economy
World system committed to production for sale or exchange with the object of maximizing profits
Capital
Wealth invested with the intent of producing profit
World system theory
The idea that a discernible social system, based on wealth and power differentials, transcends individual countries
Core
The dominant position in the world system; nations with advanced systems of production
Semiperiphery
The position in the world system intermediate between core and periphery
Periphery
The weakest structural and economic position in the world system
The emergence of the world system
By the 15th century, Europeans profited from transoceanic trade-oriented economy
Industrial Revolution
Historic transformation (in Europe) of traditional into modern societies through industrialization of their economies
Causes of the industrial revolution
Began with cotton products, iron, and pottery –> Widely used items whose manufacture could be broken down into simple routine motions that machines could perform
Socioeconomic changes associated with the industrial revolution
Initially, industrialization in England raised overall standard of living
Industrial Stratification
Marx and Weber –> Socioeconomic stratification as a sharp division between two opposed classes
Bourgeoisie
Owned the means of production
Working class (proletariat)
People who had to sell their labor to survive
Proletariantization
The separation of workers from the means of production
Class consciousness
Recognition of collective interests and a personal identification with one’s economic group
Modern Stratification Systems
Lenski –> argued that social equality tends to increase in advanced industrial societies
Weber –> faulted Karl Marx for an overly simple and exclusively economic view
Stratification
Wealth that flows from periphery and semi periphery to core helped core capitalists maintain their profits while satisfying demands of core workers
Colonialism
Political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power or an extended period of time
Imperialism
A conscious policy aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territory and peoples
British Colonialism
- -> The British empire covered one-fifth of the world’s land surface and ruled one-fourth of its population
- -> Britain eventually controlled most of India, Australia, new Zealand, Canada, and large positions of eastern and southern Africa
French Colonialism
French colonialism driven by state, church, and armed forces rather than by business interests
Postcolonial
Describes relations between European nations and areas they colonized and once ruled
Intervention Philosophy
An ideological justification for outsiders to guide or rule native peoples
Neoliberalism
The principles that governments shouldn’t regulate private enterprise; free market forces should rule
communism (small c)
Social system in which property is owned by community and in which people work for the common good
Communism (large C)
Political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union
Post socialist Traditions
Neoliberal economists assumed that dismantling Soviet Unions planned economy would raise its GDP and living standards
