Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

The world systems

A

The world system and relations among countries within it have been shaped by capitalist world economy

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2
Q

Capitalist world economy

A

World system committed to production for sale or exchange with the object of maximizing profits

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3
Q

Capital

A

Wealth invested with the intent of producing profit

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4
Q

World system theory

A

The idea that a discernible social system, based on wealth and power differentials, transcends individual countries

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5
Q

Core

A

The dominant position in the world system; nations with advanced systems of production

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6
Q

Semiperiphery

A

The position in the world system intermediate between core and periphery

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7
Q

Periphery

A

The weakest structural and economic position in the world system

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8
Q

The emergence of the world system

A

By the 15th century, Europeans profited from transoceanic trade-oriented economy

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9
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Historic transformation (in Europe) of traditional into modern societies through industrialization of their economies

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10
Q

Causes of the industrial revolution

A

Began with cotton products, iron, and pottery –> Widely used items whose manufacture could be broken down into simple routine motions that machines could perform

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11
Q

Socioeconomic changes associated with the industrial revolution

A

Initially, industrialization in England raised overall standard of living

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12
Q

Industrial Stratification

A

Marx and Weber –> Socioeconomic stratification as a sharp division between two opposed classes

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13
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Owned the means of production

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14
Q

Working class (proletariat)

A

People who had to sell their labor to survive

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15
Q

Proletariantization

A

The separation of workers from the means of production

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16
Q

Class consciousness

A

Recognition of collective interests and a personal identification with one’s economic group

17
Q

Modern Stratification Systems

A

Lenski –> argued that social equality tends to increase in advanced industrial societies
Weber –> faulted Karl Marx for an overly simple and exclusively economic view

18
Q

Stratification

A

Wealth that flows from periphery and semi periphery to core helped core capitalists maintain their profits while satisfying demands of core workers

19
Q

Colonialism

A

Political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power or an extended period of time

20
Q

Imperialism

A

A conscious policy aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territory and peoples

21
Q

British Colonialism

A
  • -> The British empire covered one-fifth of the world’s land surface and ruled one-fourth of its population
  • -> Britain eventually controlled most of India, Australia, new Zealand, Canada, and large positions of eastern and southern Africa
22
Q

French Colonialism

A

French colonialism driven by state, church, and armed forces rather than by business interests

23
Q

Postcolonial

A

Describes relations between European nations and areas they colonized and once ruled

24
Q

Intervention Philosophy

A

An ideological justification for outsiders to guide or rule native peoples

25
Q

Neoliberalism

A

The principles that governments shouldn’t regulate private enterprise; free market forces should rule

26
Q

communism (small c)

A

Social system in which property is owned by community and in which people work for the common good

27
Q

Communism (large C)

A

Political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union

28
Q

Post socialist Traditions

A

Neoliberal economists assumed that dismantling Soviet Unions planned economy would raise its GDP and living standards