Chapter 12

Question 1

Religion

Answer 1

Belief and ritual concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces

Question 2

Supernatural

Answer 2

Something that is beyond the realm of the observable world

Question 3

Animism

Answer 3

The belief in souls, or doubles (spiritual beings)

Question 4

Polytheism

Answer 4

Belief in multiple gods

Question 5

Monotheism

Answer 5

Belief in a single, all-powerful deity

Question 6

Atheism

Answer 6

No belief in spiritual beings (science)

Question 7

Mana

Answer 7

Melanesian’s traditionally believed in Mana, a sacred, impersonal force existing in the universe

Question 8

Magic

Answer 8

Supernatural techniques intended to accomplish specific aims

Question 9

Taboo

Answer 9

Set apart as sacred and off-limits to ordinary people

Question 10

Uncertainty, Anxiety, Solace

Answer 10

Religion and magic don’t just explain things and help people accomplish goals

Question 11

Rituals

Answer 11

Formal, repetitive, stereotyped behavior based on a liturgical order

Question 12

Rites of passage

Answer 12

Customs associated with transition from one stage of life to another

Question 13

Liminality

Answer 13

The in-between phase of a rite of passage

Question 14

Communitas

Answer 14

An intense feeling of social solidarity

Question 15

Protestant values and capitalism

Answer 15

Max Weber linked spread of capitalism to values central to the protestant faith

Question 16

Revitalization movements

Answer 16

Social movements that occur in times of change

Question 17

Syncretisms

Answer 17

Cultural, especially religious, mixes, emerging from acculturation

Question 18

Antimodernism

Answer 18

Rejecting the modern for a presumed earlier, purer, better way of life

Question 19

Fundamentalism

Answer 19

Advocating strict fidelity to a religion’s presumed founding principles