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A&P I - Dr Lian > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Largest part of brain that controls higher mental functions
and is divided into left and right
cerebral hemispheres

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

The cerebrum’s surface has a layer of gray or white matter? (neural cortex)

A

gray matter

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3
Q

Second largest part of brain that coordinates repetitive body movements and is covered with
cerebellar cortex

A

Cerebellum

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4
Q

functions of cerebrum

A

• Conscious thought processes, intellectual functions
• Memory storage and processing
• Conscious and subconscious regulation
of skeletal muscle contractions

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5
Q

functions of cerebellum

A

• Coordinates complex
somatic motor patterns
• Adjusts output of other somatic motor centers in brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

Major endocrine gland connected to hypothalamus that interfaces nervous and endocrine systems

A

Pituitary gland

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7
Q

Structure that processes information between spinal cord and cerebrum or cerebellum

A

Brain Stem

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8
Q

What structures are found near the brain stem?

A

midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

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9
Q

Structure that processes sight, sound, and associated reflexes

A

Midbrain

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10
Q

Structure that connects cerebellum to brain stem

A

pons

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11
Q

Structure that regulates autonomic functions, heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion

A

Medulla oblongata

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12
Q

The origin of brain that was differentiated from neural ectoderm

A

Neural tube

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13
Q

Which arteries deliver blood supply to the brain?

A

internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

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14
Q

Structures that provide physical protection of the brain

A
  • Bones of the cranium
  • Cranial meninges
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
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15
Q

Type of disease that shuts off blood to portion of brain, resulting to the death of neurons

A 
Stroke or 
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
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16
Q

Formed by special ependymal cells, this structure surrounds capillaries of choroid plexus,
limits movement of compounds transferred, and allows chemical composition of blood and CSF to
differ

A

Blood–CSF Barrier

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17
Q

Function of the blood–brain barrier and blood–CSF barrier

A

Selectively isolate brain from chemicals in blood that

might disrupt neural function

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18
Q

This protects the brain against sudden movement and provides nutrients and removes wastes

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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19
Q

Centers that control peripheral systems

A

Reflex centers

20
Q

Reflex center that control blood flow through peripheral tissues

A

Cardiovascular centers

21
Q

Reflex center that set pace for respiratory movements

A

Respiratory rhythmicity centers

22
Q

Large, branched cells that are

found in cerebellar cortex and receive input from up to 200,000 synapses

A

Purkinje cells

23
Q

Highly branched, internal white matter of cerebellum where the cerebellar nuclei is embedded; It relays information to Purkinje cells

A

Arbor vitae

“tree of life”

24
Q

Damage from trauma or stroke

that results to Intoxication (temporary impairment) and disturbance of muscle coordination

A

`Ataxia

25
Q

Disease signified by detection of abnormal prion

protein

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

26
Q

Eight Functions of the Hypothalamus

A
  1. Provides subconscious control of skeletal muscle
  2. Controls autonomic function
  3. Coordinates activities of nervous and endocrine
    systems
  4. Secretes hormones
  5. Produces emotions and behavioral drives (thirst and hunger)
  6. Coordinates voluntary and autonomic functions
  7. Regulates body temperature
  8. Controls circadian rhythms (day–night cycles)
27
Q

What hormones does the hypothalamus secrete?

A
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) – water retention

* Oxytocin (OT; OXT)

28
Q

functional grouping that:
• Establishes emotional states
• Links conscious functions of cerebral cortex with
autonomic functions of brain stem
• Facilitates memory storage and retrieval

A

Limbic System

29
Q

Components of the Limbic System in the Diencephalon

A
  • Anterior group of thalamic nuclei
  • Hypothalamus
  • Mamillary body
30
Q

Components of the Limbic

System in the Cerebrum

A
  • Cingulate gyrus (superior portion of limbic lobe)
  • Parahippocampal gyrus (inferior portion of limbic lobe)
  • Hippocampus
31
Q

Three Functional Principles of the Cerebrum

A
  1. Each cerebral hemisphere receives sensory
    information from, and sends motor commands to,
    the opposite side of the body
  2. The two hemispheres have different functions,
    although their structures are alike
  3. Correspondence between a specific function and a
    specific region of cerebral cortex is not precise
32
Q

Special sensory cortex that receives information from sight receptors

A

Visual cortex

33
Q

Special sensory cortex that receives information from sound receptors

A

Auditory cortex

34
Q

Special sensory cortex that receives information from odor receptors

A

Olfactory cortex

35
Q

Special sensory cortex that receives information from taste receptors

A

Gustatory cortex

36
Q

Integrative area that is associated with general interpretive area and coordinates all vocalization functions

A

Speech center

37
Q

Integrative area that integrates information from sensory association areas and performs abstract intellectual activities (e.g., predicting consequences of actions)

A

Prefrontal cortex

of frontal lobe

38
Q

left brain (dominant hemisphere) controls:

A
  • Reading, writing, and math
  • Decision making
  • Speech and language
39
Q

Right cerebral hemisphere relates to:

A
  • Senses (touch, smell, sight, taste, feel)

* Recognition (faces, voice inflections)

40
Q

Four Categories of Brain Waves

A
  1. Alpha waves
  2. Beta waves
  3. Theta waves
  4. Delta waves
41
Q

Brain waves found in healthy, awake adults at rest with eyes
closed

A

Alpha Waves

42
Q

Brain waves found in adults concentrating or mentally stressed and has a higher frequency

A

Beta Waves

43
Q

Brain waves found in children, intensely frustrated adults and may indicate brain disorder in adults

A

Theta Waves

44
Q

Brain waves found in awake adults with brain damage and during sleep

A

Delta Waves

45
Q

Is a temporary cerebral disorder that changes the electroencephalogram;
Symptoms depend on regions affected

A

Seizure

46
Q

Optic nerve structure found where sensory fibers converge and cross to opposite side of brain

A

Optic chiasm

47
Q

Optic nerve structure found leading to lateral geniculate nuclei and are made of reorganized axons

A

Optic tracts

A&P I - Dr Lian (8 decks)

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