Chapter 12 Flashcards
Two kind of cells of neural tissue
- Neurons
2. Neuroglia
Cells that send and receive signals
Neurons
Cells that support and protect neurons
Neuroglia (glial cells)
Functions of neuroglia
- Maintain physical structure of tissues
- Repair tissue framework after injury
- Perform phagocytosis
- Regulate the composition of the interstitial fluid surrounding neurons
Anatomical Divisions of the Nervous System
- Central nervous system (CNS)
* Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
division of the nervous system that consists of the spinal cord and brain and functions to process and coordinate sensory data, motor commands, and higher functions of brain intelligence, memory, learning, and emotion
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Functional Divisions of the PNS
- Afferent division
* Efferent division
Division of the PNS that carries sensory information from PNS sensory receptors to CNS
Afferent division
Division of the PNS that carries motor commands from CNS to PNS muscles and glands
Efferent division
These detect changes or respond to stimuli and consists of neurons and specialized cells
Receptors
These respond to efferent signals
Effectors
Part of the efferent division that controls voluntary and involuntary (reflexes)
muscle skeletal contractions
Somatic nervous system (SNS)
Part of the efferent division that controls subconscious actions, contractions of
smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, and
glandular secretions
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Part of the ANS division that has a stimulating effect
Sympathetic division
Part of the ANS division that has a relaxing effect
Parasympathetic division
What structures are found in the cytoskeleton of a neuron?
Neurofibrils, neurofilaments and neurotubules
bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and axon
Neurofibrils
Dense areas of RER and ribosomes that make neural tissue appear gray (gray matter)
Nissl bodies
Area where a neuron
communicates with another cell
synapse
expanded area of axon of presynaptic neuron that contains synaptic vesicles of neurotransmitters
synaptic terminal
chemical messengers that are released at presynaptic membrane that affect receptors of postsynaptic membrane; they are broken down by enzymes and are reassembled at synaptic terminal
Neurotransmitters
Neurotubules within the axon that transport raw materials between cell body and synaptic terminal, and are powered by mitochondria, kinesin, and dynein
Axoplasmic transport
Type of synapse between neuron and muscle
Neuromuscular junction
Type of synapse between neuron and gland
Neuroglandular junction