Chapter 14 Flashcards
perineum
external surface region in both male and female between the pubic symphysis and coccyx; male perineum extends from scrotum to the area around the anus; female perineum extends from the pubic symphysis to the area around the anus
spermatic cord
extends upward from the epididymis and is attached to each testicle. Each cord contains a vas deferens plus blood and lymphatic vessels required by each testicle.
vas deferens
also known as ductus deferens - long narrow continuations of each epididymis. They lead upward and eventually join the urethra
seminal vesicles
glands that secrete a thick, yellow substance to nourish the sperm cells. Located at the base of urinary bladder and open into the vas deferens as it joins the urethra
bulbourethral glands
cowper’s glands - located just below the prostate gland. secretes a fluid called pre-ejaculate
balanitis
inflammation of glans penis
phimosis
a narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis
peyronie’s disease
penile curvature - penis is bent or curved during erection
priapism
painful erection lasting 4 hours or more
andropause (ADAM)
(Androgen Decline in the Aging Male) - marked by the decrease of male hormone testosterone
cryptorchidism
undescended testicle - developmental defect in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the normal position in the scrotum; crypt - hidden; orchid - testicle
hydrocele
fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles
spermatocele
a cyst that develops in the epididymis and filled with a milky fluid containing sperm; spermat/o - sperm; cele - hernia
varicocele
a knot of widening varicose vein in one side of he scrotum
azoospermia
absence of sperm in the semen
oligospermia
a sperm count below 20 million/mL; low sperm count
hematospermia
presence of blood in the seminal fluid caused by infection of seminal vesicles
orchid-
testicle
orchidectomy
surgical removal of testicles
orchiopexy
repair of an undescended testicle. This is endoscopic surgery performed on infants before the age of 1 year
varicocelectomy
varic/o - varicose vein; cel- swelling; the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele
vasovasostomy
reversal of vasectomy - creating an opening
ophthalamia neonatorum
a form of conjunctivitis caused by bacteria responsible for chlamydia or gonorrhea. all newborns receive an antibiotic ointment in each eye within an hour of birth to prevent
vulva
consists of the labia, clitoris, bartholin’s glands and vaginal orifice
bartholin’s glands
produce a mucus secretion to lubricate the vaginal orifice
infundibulum
the funnel-shaped opening into the fallopian tube
fundus
the bulging, rounded part above the entrance of fallopian tubes
corpus
body of the uterus
perimetrium
uterine serosa - membraneous outer layer of uterus
myometrium
muscular middle layer of the uterus
endometrium
inner layer consisting of specialized epithelial mucosa rich with blood vessels
chorion
the thin outer membrane that encloses the embryo contributing to the formation of placenta
amniotic sac
amnion - innermost membrane that surrounds the embryo in the uterus
quickening
the first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the mother
braxton hicks contractions
intermittent painless uterine contractions that occur with increasing frequency as pregnancy progresses
antepartum
final stage of pregnancy just before the onset of labor
nulligravida
woman that has never been pregnant
nullipara
woman who has never borne a viable child
primigravida
woman in her first pregnancy
primipara
woman who has borne one viable child
multiparous
woman who has given birth two or more times
effacement
process by which the cervix prepares for delivery as it gradually softens, shortens and becomes thinner
cephalic presentation
crowning - when the baby is coming head first
puerperium
time from the delivery of the placenta through approximately the first 6 weeks after delivery
lochia
postpartum vaginal discharge that continues for 4-6 weeks after childbirth
uterine involution
return of uterus to its normal size
vernix
a greasy substance that protects the fetus in utero and can still be present at birth
apgar score
a scale of 1 to 10 to evaluate a newborn infant’s physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
anovulation
absence of ovulation
oophoritis
inflammation of an overy
ovariorrhexis
rupture of an ovary
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
inflammation of female reproductive organs not associated with surgery or pregnancy
pyosalpinx
accumulation of pus in a fallopian tube
salpingitis
inflammation of a fallopian tube
endometriosis
condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structure in pelvic cavity
metrorrhea
abnormal discharge such as mucus or pus from the uterus
uterine fibroid
myoma - is a benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus
cervical dysplasia
presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix
endocervicitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix
colporrhexis
tearing or laceration of the vaginal wall
dyspareunia
pain during sexual intercourse; dys - painful; -pareunia - sexual intercourse
leukorrhea
profuse whitish mucus discharge from uterus and vagina
pruritus vulvae
severe itching of external female genitalial
vulvodynia
chronic burning, pain during intercourse, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva
vulvitis
inflammation of vulva
fibroadenoma
a round, firm, rubbery mass that arise from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast
mastitis
breast infection during breast feeding
menometrorrhagia
intermenstrual bleeding - excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals
abruptio placentae
placental abruption - a disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus
placenta previa
abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus
colposcopy
direct visual examination of the tissue of the cervix and vagina using a colposcope
endovaginal ulterasound
performed to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding
hysterosalpingography
radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes. The test requires the instillation of radio-opaque contrast material into the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes to make them visible
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi. test performed between 8th and 10th weeks of pregnancy
salpingo-oophorectomy
surgical removal of he fallopian tube and ovary
