Chapter 14 Flashcards
census family structure
grandchildren live with grandparents but no parents present
the family as a system
family evolved as a way to protect and nurture kids during development
authoritarian parenting
high control and little warmth
lay down rules with no discussion
want hard work, respect, and obedience
what are children of authoritarian parents like?
unhappy, low self esteem, aggressive
authoritative parenting
fair degree of control and warm
explain rules and discuss
what parenting style is best for kdis
authoritative
permissive parenting
warm but not much control
accept kids behaviour and dont punish them often
what are children of permissive parents like?
impulsive, no self control
uninvolved parenting
not warm and not controlling
provide basic physical/emotional needs but nothing else
what parenting style is associated with lower socioeconomic status
authoritarian
can observation produce counterimitation?
yes
counterimitation
learning what should not be done
reinforcement
leads to increase in behaviour
punishment
action that discourages recurrence of response that it follows
time in
adult talks with child immediately to help them understand situation and their own feelings
is time in possibly better than time out?
yes
negative reinforcement trap
parents unwittingly reinforce the behaviours they want to discourage
what are the 2 basic dimensions of parental behaviour
warmth and control
easy temperament
complies with parental requests
and responds well to family discussions and parental expectations
difficult temperament
complies reluctantly or not at all
parent becomes more controlling and less affectionate
in temperament/behaviour reciprocal between parents and kids?
yes, childs behaviour determines how parents treat them and parental treatment influences the kids behaviour
has number of partnerships (married couples) declined overtime?
yes
has the fertility rate declined in canada?
yes
how many marriages end in divorce each year
1/3
in joint custody, do kids to better with the same sex parent or with the opposite sex parent?
same sex parent
ex; boys do better with fathers
blended family
biological parent, stepparent and child
are stepfathers reluctant to be involved in the new family?
yes
who finds it harder to adjust to new marriages, preadolescent girls or boys?
girls
what are the 5 styles of grandparenting
influential supportive authority oriented passive detached
influential grandparents
close to grandchildren and involved
frequently do parental roles including discipline
supportive grandparents
close and involved with grandkids but do not take on parental roles
authority oriented grandparents
not involved in grandkids life but provide discipline
passive grandparents
caught up in the grandkids life but not as involved
do not take on parental roles
detached grandparents
uninvolved completely
are daughters of lesbians more likely to explore same sex relationships?
yes
firstborn children
high expectations on them and more controlled
get more affection
high IQ, likely to go to uni
later born children
popular with peers
parents more relaxed with the discipline
only children
most likely to succeed in school
high IQ and self esteem
dont differ in popularity, adjustment and personality
3 factors as to why siblings may not get along
sex
temperament
age
what do children do to solve disputes?
negotiate
2 common forms of maltreatment
sexual abuse
physical abuse
other forms of maltreatment
neglect
psychological abuse
has maltreatment increased recently?
yes
ego resilience
childs ability to respond adaptively and resourcefully to new situations
does ego resilience protect children from abuse?
yes
true or false. parents who maltreat kids were likely maltreated themselves
true
who is most abused? (2)
infants and preschoolers
chronically ill or diabetic kids
when does parallel play occur
after 1 year
parallel play
kids play alone but have interest in what other kids are doing
when does associative play occur
15-18 months
associative play
engage in similar activities, talk or smile at each other, offer each other toys
when does cooperative play occur
2 years
cooperative play
kids organize play around a theme and take on roles
is cooperative play with same sex or opposite sex usually
same sex
when does make believe play occur
16 to 18 months
what is solitary play related to?
divergent thinking
when is solitary play unhealthy?
hovering
wandering aimlessly
does number of peers increase in elementary?
yes
at what age do kids claim to have a bff?
4 to 5
key aspects of adolescent friendships
intimacy, loyalty, trust
true or false. most friends are alike in age, sex, and race
true
who benefits more from other-sex friendships?
boys
co rumination
friends spend TOO MUCH time together discussing problems
who participates in co rumination more?
girls
mutual antipathies
shared dislike for each other
what is the best way to reduce teen pregnancy?
sex ed programs and teaching how to refuse sex
dominance hierarchy
leader to whom all members of the group defer
is peer pressure always bad?
no
what are the 5 classes of kids
popular rejected controversial average neglected
latchkey children
care for themselves sometimes
legal minimum age to leave a child home along
10-12
family economic stress model
explains how much poverty induced stress affects child development
