Chapter 12 Flashcards
what are the main influences on self control
parents
temperament
is self control low with strict parents?
yes
piaget’s view of moral development
moral reasoning progresses through series of stages, driven by cognitive development and interactions with peers
what age is stage 1 of piaget’s moral development
2-4
what age is stage 2 of piaget’s moral development
5-7
what age is stage 3 of piaget’s moral development
8-10
premoral stage (1)
have not developed moral sensibility
moral realism stage (2)
believe rules are created by wise adults and must be followed and cant be changed
heteronomous morality
absolute rules handed down by another that focus on amount of damage caused
immanent justice
breaking a rule always leads to punishment
moral relativism stage (3)
rules are created by people to help them get along
autonomous morality
morality based on free will that considers intentions and consequences
3 levels of kohlberg’s theory
preconventional
conventional
postconventional
preconventional level
moral reasoning controlled solely by obedience to authority and by rewards and punishments
conventional level
moral decision making based on social norms
postconventional level
moral decisions/reasoning are based on personal moral principles
what are the 2 stages under preconventional level?
obedience orientation
instrumental orientation
obedience orientation
people think adults know what’s right/wrong, so a person should do what adult says to avoid punishment
instrumental orientation
people look out for their own needs so we are nice to others as we expected the favour to be returned
what are the 2 stages under conventional level?
interpersonal norms
social system morality
interpersonal norms
thinking you should act accordingly to others expectations
what is the aim of interpersonal norms
win approval by being as a good person would be
social system morality
believe social roles, expectations and laws exists to maintain order in society and promote good
what are the 2 stages under postconventional level?
social contract orientation
universal ethical principles
social contract orientation
agree that members of cultural group stick to social contract because a common set of expectations and laws no longer promotes welfare of individuals
universal ethical principles
abstract ideas (equality, justice) form personal moral code that may conflict with society’s expectations and laws
can you skip stages in kohlberg’s theory?
no
what stages of kohlberg’s theory are common in kids and young adults
stages 1-2
kohlberg’s theory does not describe what aspect of moral reasoning in other cultures very well?
individual rights and justice
what was gilligan’s critique of kohlberg
kohlberg emphasis on justice applies more to males
what does gilligan emphasize?
care instead of justice
stage 1 of gilligan’s theory
children are preoccupied with their own needs
stage 2 of gilligan’s theory
people care for others, mainly those who are less able to care for themselves
stage 3 of gilligan’s theory
people care for others and themselves by emphasizing caring in all human relationships and by denouncing exploitations and violence between people
what are the 3 domains of social judgement
moral transgression
social conventions
personal domain
moral transgression
actions can harm someone
social conventions
arbitrary standards of behaviour agreed to by cultural group to facilitate interactions within the group
personal domain
pertains to choices concerning ones body and choices of friends or activities
what culture are white lies common in
western
what culture are blue lies common in
chinese
3 components of innate moral sense
moral goodness
moral evaluation
moral retribution
moral goodness
feeling concern for others and helping them when in need
moral evaluation
identifying and disliking group members who do not cooperate
moral retribution
punishing group members whose behaviour undermines the group
instrumental aggression
using aggression to achieve explicit goals
hostile aggression
goal is to intimidate harass or humiliate another child
reactive aggression
verbal aggression where kids try to hurt others by undermining social relationships
who partakes in reactive aggression more
girls
