Chapter 13.3

Question 0

Epinephrine and norepinephrine regulate a _____ _______ stress response aka __________

Answer 0

Short term

Flight or fight

Question 1

What hormones does the adrenal medulla produce ?

Answer 1

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 2

The adrenal medulla is considered a _________ structure because it is closet related to the _______ ______ _______

Answer 2

Neuroendocrine structure

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 3

How does the adrenal medulla prepare the body for flight or flight ….

Answer 3

Neurons of the sympathetic nervous system carry a signal from the Hypothalmus directly to the adrenal medulla . These neurons then stimulate the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine .

Question 4

What effect do epinephrine and norepinephrine have in the body ?

Answer 4

⬆️breathing rate 
⬆️heart rate 
⬆️blood pressure
⬆️blood flow to heart and muscles 
⬆️conversion of glycogen to glucose 
Pupils dilate
⬇️blood flow to extremities .

Question 5

The adrenal cortex is associated with the ______ ________ stress response

Answer 5

Long term

Question 6

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex ? And in general what do they do ?

Answer 6

Glucocorticoids - ⬆️blood sugar
Mineralocorticoids - ⬆️blood pressure
Gonadocorticoids- regulate sex organs

Question 7

The adrenal cortex releases a glucocorticoid called ______

Answer 7

Cortisol

Question 8

How does cortisol make more glucose available to cells?

Answer 8

The Hypothalmus secretes a releasing hormone to stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol .
Cortisol then promotes the breakdown of muscle protein into amino acids the amino acids are then taken out of the blood by the liver where they are used to make glucose . The glucose is then released back into the blood . Cortisol also promotes the break down of fat cells into glucose .