Chapter 13.1 - The Glands And Hormones Of The Endocrine System Flashcards
What do endocrine glands do ?
They secrete chemical messengers called hormones directly into the blood stream where they are then transported through out the body.
Name all of the main glands of the endocrine system …
Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla Pancreas Ovaries Testes
How is the endocrine system different from the nervous system ?
The endocrine system usually has slower and longer acting effects , and affects a broader range of cell types .
In general, what do most hormones do for the body?
Regulate growth and development
Speed or slow down metabolism
Regulate blood pressure
Regulate immune response
Hormones are either composed of either ________ or ________
Lipids or amino acids
Steroid hormones such as testosterone , estrogen , and cortisol are ____ -based
Lipid-based
How do steroid hormones make changes in the target cell?
Steroid hormones are lipid based therefor they are lipid soluble. They can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes . Once in the target cell, steroid hormones bind to their receptor proteins, activating specific genes which cause changes in the cell.
How do water soluble hormones (amino acid based ) effect cells ?
A water soluble hormone will bind to the receptor protein on the surface of a target . This starts a chain of reactions inside the target cell which triggers many more reactions. As a result the impact of the hormone is greatly amplified .
May hormones are regulated by ____________ aka ____
Negative feedback mechanisms aka loops
Explain how hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms …
When a certain blood concentration of hormone is reached, or when target cells have responded to a specific hormone , the endocrine gland that is releasing the hormone is inhibited , this the release of the hormone slows .
What are tropic hormones ?
Hormones that target other endocrine glands to release other hormones
