Chapter 13.2

Question 0

The pituitary gland is controlled by the ______ via releasing hormones and neurons that run through the connecting stalk

Answer 0

Hypothalamus

Question 1

What is the pituitary gland, where is is located what is it’s function , and why is it called the “master gland “

Answer 1

The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that has two lobes. It is the size of a pea by the hypothalamus

This gland releases at least 8 hormones involved in the body’s metabolism, growth ,development, reproduction , and other critical life functions .

It is called the master gland because it releases several tropic hormones.

Question 2

The posterior pituitary is considered part of the ______ ______ . It does not produce any __________ .

Answer 2

Nervous system. Hormones.

Question 3

The posterior pituitary stores the hormones ______ and _______ . Which are produced in the hypothalamus and transferred to the posterior pituitary by neural axons.

Answer 3

ADH and oxytocin .

Question 4

What does the anterior pituitary do ?

Answer 4

Produces and releases six major hormones.
Human growth hormone (hGH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenalcortiotropic (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Lutinizing hormone (LH)

Question 5

How does human growth hormone affect the body ? Give an example

Answer 5

hGH affects almost every body tissue , sometimes directly , but most of the effects are tropic.
For example hGH stimulated the liver to secrete hormones called growth factors . Together hGH and growth factors increase protein synthesis , cell division and growth of cartilage , bone and muscle.
Increase metabolic breakdown and release of fat stored

Question 6

Insufficient production of hGH during childhood can result in _____ _______

Answer 6

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 7

Excessive amounts of hGH production during childhood can result in a condition called _________

Answer 7

Gigantism .

Question 8

Overproduction of hGH when someone reaches adulthood can lead to a condition called _________

Answer 8

Acromegaly .

Question 9

Thyroxine (T4) is secreted by the ______ _______

Answer 9

Thyroid gland

Question 10

What does thyroxine do ?

Answer 10

• Increases the rate at which the body metabolizes fats, proteins and carbohydrates for energy .
• Thyroxine does not have one specific target organ ,
• but especially stimulates the cells of the heart , skeletal muscles , liver and kidney to increase the rate of cellular respiration .

Question 11

What does a person have if their thyroid produces very low quantities of thyroxine

Answer 11

Hypothyroidism .

Question 12

What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism ?

Answer 12

Tired
Low pulse rate
Puffy skin
Hair loss
Weight gain.

Question 13

What is it called when someone’s thyroid produces more thyroxine than it should ?

Answer 13

Hyperthyroidism

Question 14

What are some symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 14

Anxiety
Insomnia
Irregular heart beat
Weight loss