Chapter 13: Schedules of Reinforcement Flashcards
behavior that occurs as a collateral effect of a schedule of periodic R+ for other behavior; time-filling or interim activities that are induced by schedules of R+ during times when R+ is unlikely to be delivered (schedule induced behavior)
Adjunctive Behaivor
provides R+ whenever the requirement of either a ratio schedule or an interval schedule- the basic schedules that make up the alternative schedule- is met regardless of which of the components schedules requirements is met first.
Alternative schedule (ALT)
a schedule of R+ in which the response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before R+ is delivered; a discriminative stimulus is correlated with each component of the schedule
Chained schedule of reinforcement (chain)
a schedule of R+ consisting of two or more elements of CRF the four intermittent schedules of R_ (FR, VR, FI, VI) differential R+ of various rates of responding (DRH, DRL) and extinction. The elements from these basic schedules can occur successively or simultaneously and with our without Sd; R+ may be contingent on meeting the requirements of each element of the schedule independently or in combination with the elements
Compound schedule of reinforcement
a schedule of R+ in which two or more contingencies of reinforcement (Elements) operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors
Concurrent schedule (conc)
R+ is in effect whenever R+ follows the completion of response requirements for both a ratio schedule and a n interval schedule of R+
Conjunctive schedule (conj)
fa schedule of R+ that provides reinforcement for each occurrence of the target behavior
Continuous reinforcement (CRF)
a schedule of R+ in which R+ is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being fewer than a gradually decreasing criterion based on the performance in previous intervals
Differential reinforcement of diminishing rates (DRD)
a schedule of R+ in which R+ is provided at the end of the predetermined interval contingent on the number ofr responses emitted during the interval being greater than a gradually increasing criterion based on the performance in previous intervals
Differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH)
a schedule of R+ in which R+ (a) follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a min inter-response time (IRT) or (b) is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion. Preactioniners use DRL to decrease the rate of bx that occur too frequently by should be maintained in the learners repertoire
Differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)
a schedule of R+ in which R+ is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response was R+
Fixed interval (FI)
a schedule of R+ requiring a fixed number of responses for R+
Fixed ratio (FR)
a contingency of R+ in which some but not all occurrences of the bx produce a Reinforcer.
Intermittent schedule of reinforcement (INT)
a situation in which R+ is available only during a finite time following the elapsed of an FI or VI intervals. If the target response does not occur in the time limit, R+ is withheld and a new interval begins
Limited Hold
the allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of R+. rates of responding across choices are distributed in the proportion that matches the rates of R+ received for each choice alternative
Matching Law
a compound schedule of R+ consisting of two or more basic schedules of R+ that occur in an alternating usually random sequence. No discriminative stimuli are correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule and reinforcement is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the element in effect at any given time.
Mixed schedule (mix)
a compound schedule of R+ consisting of two or more basic schedules of R+ that occur in an alternating usually random sequence. A discriminative stim is correlated with the presence or absence of each element fo the schedule and R+ is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the elements in effect at any time.
Multiple schedules
the absence of responding for a period of time following R+. an effect commonly produced by FI, and FR
Postireniforment pause
a schedule that systematically thins each successive R_ opportunity independent of the person’s behavior. Progressive ratio and progressive interval schedules are thinged using arithmetic or geometric progressions.
Progressive schedule of reinforcement
a behavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner R+ schedules. Common effects include avoidance, AO, and unpredictable pauses or cessation or responding
Ratio Strain
a rule specifying the environmental arrangements and response requirements for R+ a description of a contingency of R+
Schedule of reinforcement
changing a contingency of reinforcement by gradually increasing the response ratio or the extent of the time interval. Ir results in a lower rate of R_ per responses time or both
Schedule thinning
a schedule of R+ identical to the chained schedule except like the mix schedule the tandem schedule does not use discriminative stimuli with the elements in the chain
Tandem schedule
a schedule of R+ that provides R+ for the first correct response following the elapse of variable duration of time occurring in random or unpredictable order. The mean duration of the interval is used to describe the schedules
Variable interval (VI)
