Chapter 13 Schedules of Reinforcement

Question 1

A rule that describes a contingency of reinforcement, those environmental arrangements that determine
conditions by which behaviors will produce reinforcement

Answer 1

Schedules of Reinforcement

Question 2

A schedule of ____________ _________ provides reinforcement for each occurrence of behavior.

Answer 2

Continuous reinforcement (CRF)

Question 3

__________ _________ is used to strengthen behavior, primarily during the initial stages of learning new behaviors.

Answer 3

Continuous reinforcement (CRF)

Question 4

Some, but not all, occurrences of the behavior are reinforced in ____________ _________ _________.

Answer 4

Intermittent schedule of reinforcement.

Question 5

Only selected occurrences of behavior produce reinforcement with an __________ ____________ __ _____________.

Answer 5

Intermittent schedule of reinforcement

Question 6

A major goal of most behavior change programs is the development of naturally occurring _______, _________, or ________ to function as reinforcement.

Answer 6

Activities, stimuli, or events to

Question 7

Intrinsic motivation,

Answer 7

Which seems to imply that something inside the person is responsible for maintaining the behavior.
OR
ABA reinforcement that is received by manipulating the Schedules of Reinforcement physical environment.

Question 8

Require a number of responses before one response produces reinforcement.

Answer 8

Ratio schedules

Question 9

Require an elapse of time before a response produces reinforcement

Answer 9

Interval schedules

Question 10

The response ratio or the time requirement remains constant.

Answer 10

Fixed schedule

Question 11

The response ratio or the time requirement can change from one reinforced response to another.

Answer 11

Variable schedule

Question 12

A _____ ______schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of a number of responses to produce a re- inforcer.
For example, every fourth correct (or target) re- sponse produces reinforcement on an FR 4 schedule.

Answer 12

fixed ratio (FR)

Question 13

A _____ ______schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of a number of responses to produce a re- inforcer.
For example, every fourth correct (or target) re- sponse produces reinforcement on an FR 4 schedule.

Answer 13

Fixed ratio (FR)

Question 14

The size of the Fixed ratio influences the duration of the postreinforcement pause:

Answer 14

Large ratio requirements produce long pauses;

small ratios produce short pauses

Question 15

A ________ _____ schedule of reinforcement re- quires the completion of a variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer.

For example, with a VR 10 schedule every tenth correct response on the av- erage produces reinforcement.

Answer 15

variable ratio (VR)

Question 16

A ________ _____ schedule of reinforcement re- quires the completion of a variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer.

For example, with a VR 10 schedule every tenth correct response on the av- erage produces reinforcement.

Answer 16

Variable ratio (VR)

Question 17

the VR schedule tends to produce a _____rate of response.

Answer 17

Quick

Question 18

A _____ _________ schedule of reinforcement provides reinforcement for the first response following a fixed duration of time.

Answer 18

Fixed interval (FI)

Question 19

FI schedules typically produce a _________ ________.

Answer 19

Postreinforcement pause

Question 20

FI schedules tend to produce a _____ __ ________ rates of response.

Answer 20

Slow to moderate

Question 21

FR schedules often produce ____ rates of response

Answer 21

High

Question 22

A ________ ________ schedule of reinforcement pro- vides reinforcement for the first correct response fol- lowing the elapse of variable durations of time.

Answer 22

Variable interval (VI)

Question 23

VI schedules of reinforcement tend to produce ___ __ ________ rates of response.

Answer 23

Low to moderate

Question 24

When a _______ ____ is added to an interval schedule, reinforcement remains available for a finite time following the elapse of the FI or VI interval.

The participant will miss the opportunity to receive reinforcement if a targeted response does not occur within the time limit.

Answer 24

Limited hold

Question 25

Thinning Intermittent Reinforcement

Applied behavior analysts often use one of two procedures to thin schedules of reinforcement.

Answer 25

An existing schedule is thinned by gradually increasing the response ratio
or
By gradually increasing the duration of the time interval.

Question 26

______ ______ can result from abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules.

Answer 26

Ratio strain

Question 27

Differential reinforcement provides an intervention for behavior problems associated with ____ __ ________.

Answer 27

Rate of response.

Question 28

The reinforcement of responses higher than a predetermined criterion is called ___________________.

Answer 28

Differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH).

Question 29

When responses are reinforced only when they are lower than the criterion, the schedule provides ____________________.

Answer 29

Ddifferential reinforcement of low rates (DRL).

Question 30

DRH schedules produce a _______rate of responding.

Answer 30

Higher

Question 31

DRL schedules produce a _____ rate of responding.

Answer 31

Lower

Question 32

Reinforcement is available only for responses that are separated by a given duration of time.

Answer 32

Spaced-responding DRH or spaced- responding DRL

Question 33

A ___ ___-________ ________ provides reinforcement if the total number of responses during the session meets or exceeds a number criterion.

If the participant emits fewer than the specified number of responses during the session, the behavior is not reinforced.

Answer 33

DRH full-session schedule

Question 34

Reinforcement is provided for responding at or below the criterion limit.

If the participant emits more than the specified number of responses during the session, reinforcement is not delivered.

Answer 34

DRL full- session schedule

Question 35

Provides reinforcement at the end of a predetermined time interval when the number of responses is less than a criterion that is gradually decreased across time intervals based on the individual’s performance.

Answer 35

Differential reinforcement of diminishing rates (DRD) schedule