Chapter 11 Positive Reinforcement Flashcards
when a response is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus.
Positive Reinforcement
The _________ of reinforcement is essential.
Immediacy
Reinforcement can also strengthen the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_of behavior.
Duration,
Latency,
Magnitude, and/or
Topography
A _____ is a verbal description of a behavioral contingency
rule
Behavior controlled by a rule (i.e., a verbal statement of an antecedent-behavior-consequence contingency); enables human behavior (e.g., fastening a seatbelt) to come under the indirect control of temporally remote or improbable but potentially significant consequences (e.g., avoiding injury in an auto accident). Often used in contrast to contingency-shaped behavior, a term used to indicate behavior selected and maintained by controlled, temporally close consequences.
Rule-governed behavior
A Reinforcer is a __________.
stimulus
Reinforcing is property of a _________.
stimulus
Reinforcement is the presentation, of stimulus as a _____________.
consequences.
_________ are reinforced, not people.
Behaviors
The fact that a person does not have to understand or verbalize the relation between his actions and a reinforcing consequence, or for that matter even be aware that a consequence has occurred, for reinforcement to occur is known as
The automaticity of reinforcement.
A behavior– reinforcement relation that occurs without the presentation of consequences by other people
Automatic Reinforcement
A stimulus change that functions as reinforcement even though the learner has had no particular learning history
Unconditioned Reinforcers
A secondary reinforcer or learned reinforcer;
A previously neutral stimulus change that has acquired the capability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus–stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned reinforcers or conditioned reinforcers.
Conditioned Reinforcers
Neutral stimuli can also become conditioned reinforcers for humans without direct physical pairing with another reinforcer through a pairing process called ______ _______ _________.
Verbal analog conditioning.
A conditioned reinforcer that as a result of having been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers does not depend on a current EO for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness.
Generalized conditioned reinforcer
Reinforcers are typically classified as:
Edible, Sensory, Tangible, Activity, or Social.
The opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior (Watch TV) contingent on the occurrence of low-frequency (Finishing Homework) behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior.
e.g: When you have finished your homework, you can watch TV.
Premack principle
Premack principle AKA
Grandma’s Law
A model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether access to the contingent behavior represents a restriction of the activity compared to the baseline level of engagement
Response-deprivation hypothesis
A variety of direct, data-based methods used to present one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and then measuring the future effects on the rate of responding.
Reinforcer assessment
When two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors
Concurrent Schedule Reinforcer Assessment
Two or more component schedules of reinforcement for a single response with only one component schedule in effect at any given time.
Multiple Schedule Reinforcer Assessment
The response requirements for reinforcement are increased systematically over time independent of the participant’s behavior.
Progressive-Ratio Schedule Reinforcer Assessment
