Chapter 13 Keywords

Question 1

Pi bond

Answer 1

The sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals with the electron density concentrated above and below the line joining the nuclei of the bonding atoms

Question 2

Unsaturated

Answer 2

One or more double or triple bonds

Question 3

Stereoisomers

Answer 3

Same structural formula, different arrangements in space
-happens because restricted rotation about the double bond because Pi bond e den is above and below the plane of the sigma bond

Question 4

E/Z isomerism

Answer 4

An example of stereoisomerism

• need a CC db
• need different groups to be attached to each carbon atom of the CC db

You need to assign priority per carbon. So per carbon, pick who is going to represent you

Question 5

Cis Trans Isomerism

Answer 5

Special case of E/Z where

• must have a CC db
• each of the carbons in the CC db must be attached to two different groups
• one of the attached groups on EACH carbon must be a single H

Question 6

Atomic number

Answer 6

Number of protons

Question 7

Atomic mass

Answer 7

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 8

Carbocation

Answer 8

Contains a positively charged carbon atom

Question 9

Feedstock recycling

Answer 9

The chemical and thermal process that can reclaim monomers, gases or oil from waste polymers.

Question 10

Bio plastic

Answer 10

Made from plant starch, cellulose, plant oils and proteins
A renewable and sustainable alternative to oil based products
Protects the environment Conserves valuable oil reserves

*Sugar cain fibre is now used as a starting material for bio plastics

Question 11

Biodegradable polymers

Answer 11

Made from starch or cellulose or contain additives that alter the structure Of traditional polymers so microbes can break them down into water, CO2 and other biological compounds

Question 12

Photodegradable polymers

Answer 12

• for where plant based polymers can’t be used

- their bonds are weakened by absorbing light to start degradation or by just adding light absorbing additives