Chapter 11 Keywords

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Compound containing carbon and hydrogen alone

Question 2

Saturated

Answer 2

Has the maximum amount of hydrogens

Question 3

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 3

Contains CC multiple bonds

Question 4

Homologous series

Answer 4

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group with each subsequent member differing by CH2

Question 5

Functional group

Answer 5

The part of the molecule largely responsible for its chemical properties

Question 6

Aliphatic

Answer 6

Carbons joined together in straight or branched chains

Question 7

Alicyclics

Answer 7

Carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure

Question 8

Aromatic

Answer 8

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

Question 9

Molecular formula

Answer 9

The total number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a compound

• nah show how they’re joined
• diff molecules can have the same molecular formula

Question 10

Empirical formula

Answer 10

The simplest whole number ratios of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 11

General formula

Answer 11

Simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series

-use to generate the molecular formula of any member of that homo series

Question 12

Displayed formula

Answer 12

The relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them

Question 13

Structural formula

Answer 13

Uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of atoms in a molecule showing clearly which groups are bonded together

Eg. Propanoic Acid CH3CH2COOH

Question 14

Skeletal formula

Answer 14

A simplified organic formula

• no labelled C or H
• a line is a single bond
• intersection of two lines is a carbon
• end of a line is CH3

Question 15

Structural isomers

Answer 15

Same molecular formula different structural formulae

-to check, name them and ensure they have different names

Question 16

Homolytic fission

Answer 16

A covalent bond breaks and each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond to make a radical

Question 17

Heterolytic fission

Answer 17

A covalent bond breaks and one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond. The atom the takes both electrons becomes a negative ion. The atoms that doesn’t, becomes a positive ion

Question 18

Radical

Answer 18

An Atom or groups of atoms with an unpaired electron

Question 19

Addition reaction

Answer 19

Two reactants join together to make one product

Question 20

Substitution reaction

Answer 20

An atom or group of atoms in replaced by another atom or group of atoms

Question 21

Elimination reaction

Answer 21

A small molecule is removed from a larger molecule