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Molec and Cell > Chapter 13: Intracellular Membrane Traffic > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Intracellular Membrane Traffic Flashcards

1
Q

What important concept is maintained during intracellular membrane trafficking?

A

topological equivalence

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of intracellular membrane trafficking pathways?

A
  1. endocytic
  2. biosynthetic-secretory
  3. retrieval
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3
Q

What pathway involves absorbing extracellular material into the cell?

A

endocytic pathway

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4
Q

what pathway involves the transfer of material from the nuclear envelope/ER to the Golgi, vesicles, or outside of the cell?

A

Biosynthetic-secretory pathway

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5
Q

what pathway involves the transfer of cell material from other pathways back to the ER?

A

retrieval pathway

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6
Q

The endocytic pathway utilizes what protein to aid in intracellular transport?

A

clathrin

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7
Q

Retrograde transport utilizes what protein to aid in intracellular transport?

A

COP1

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8
Q

The synthesis and secretory transport utilize what protein to aid in intracellular transport?

A

COP2 (+clathrin)

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9
Q

Cholesterol receptor-mediated endocytosis is typically regulated by what protein/transport type?

A

Clathrin; endocytic pathway

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10
Q

In what scenario would a cell use COP1 proteins for intracellular membrane transport?

A

To return proteins that have been mistakenly transported to certain organelles; retrieval/retrograde pathway

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11
Q

COP2 proteins are found in what portion of the cell? What is their function?

A

ER; transport to topologically equivalent spaces

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12
Q

What are the 4 basic steps of clathrin-based vesicle formation?

A
  1. coat assembly and cargo selection
  2. bud formation
  3. vesicle formation
  4. uncoating
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13
Q

This particular protein attaches to cargo receptors to allow for the association of the clathrin triskeleton

A

adaptor protein

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14
Q

these proteins aid in the vesicular formation of a clathrin-coated membrane

A

membrane-bending and fissure proteins

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15
Q

On what side of the membrane does the clathrin triskeleton bind to?

A

cytosolic

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16
Q

What phenomenon induces the budding and fission of a clathrin-coated vesicle?

A

clathrin triskeleton bending

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17
Q

This is a vesicular formation/fission protein that has contractile function driven by GTP

A

dynamin helix

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18
Q

What are the three steps of directed traffic endocytosis?

A
  1. tethering of vesicle via Rab-GTP
  2. docking on membrane via t-snare/v-snare interaction
  3. Fusion of vesicle into cell (and release of Rab-GTP)
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19
Q

What is required of a protein for COP2 ER transport of it to occur?

A

exit signal corresponding to cargo receptor

20
Q

What are the 2 possible fates of a resident ER protein?

A
  1. retention signal prevents removal – remains in ER lumen
  2. protein is taken up by vesicle formation – diffused out of ER lumen (to topologically equivalent spaces)
21
Q

These are membrane-bound regions between the ER and cis-Golgi network where retrieval transport can occur

A

vesicular tubular cluster

22
Q

What are the 3 cisternae of the Golgi stack?

A
  1. cis
  2. medial
  3. trans
23
Q

What are the 3 total regions of the Golgi apparatus?

A
  1. cis Golgi network
  2. Golgi stack
  3. trans Golgi network (TGN)
24
Q

The cis Golgi network is responsible for what?

A

Sorting & phosphorylation of oligosaccarides

25
Q

The cis cisternae of the Golgi stack is responsible for what?

A

removal of Man

26
Q

what is the function of the medial cisterna of the Golgi stack?

A

removal of Man & addition of GlcNAc

27
Q

what is the function of the trans cisterna of the Golgi stack?

A

addition of Gal & addition of NANA

28
Q

what is the function of the trans cisterna of the Golgi stack?

A

addition of Gal & addition of NANA

29
Q

what is the function of the TGN?

A

sorting & sulfation of tyrosines and carbohydrates

30
Q

what are the 3 major fates of TGN sorting?

A
  1. lysosome
  2. plasma membrane
  3. secretory vesicle
31
Q

what are the three possible sources of a lysosome?

A
  1. phagosome
  2. late endosome
  3. autophagosome
32
Q

this vesicular structure is responsible for digesting the cell’s own structures (i.e. mitochondrion, chloroplasts)

A

autophagosome

33
Q

this vesicular structure is formed via the endocytosis of large, foreign structures (i.e. bacterium)

A

phagosome

34
Q

this vesicular structure is formed via the endocytosis of smaller structures and can mature into another structure when introduced to a product of macropinocytosis

A

early endosome

35
Q

the addition of the products of macropinocytosis to the products of endocytosis results in what structure?

A

late endosome

36
Q

What are the 7 basic steps (and the locations where they occur) of lysosomal hydrolase transport to endosomes?

A
  1. Addition of P-GlcNAc (cis Golgi network)
  2. uncover M6P signal (Golgi stack)
  3. Binding to M6P receptor (TGN)
  4. Transport to endosome (transport vesicle)
  5. Dissociation @ acidic pH (endosome)
  6. Removal of phosphate (endosome)
  7. Receptor retrieval (transport vesicle)
37
Q

What is essential in providing the acidic endosomal environment to ensure the dissociation of lysosomal hydrolase precursor from the M6P receptor?

A

V-type ATP proton pump

38
Q

Where is the dysfunction located at in I-cell disease?

A

lack of M6P signal (no mannose phosphorylation) on lysosomal hydrolase precursor

39
Q

What is the result of I-cell disease?

A

insufficient endosomal hydrolase activity–largely effects nervous system

40
Q

What are the 8 basic steps of cholesterol delivery via LDLs?

A
  1. LDL binding to extracellular receptors
  2. formation of clathrin coat
  3. uncoating
  4. fusion into Golgi network
  5. LDL transfer to late endosome (& retrieval of LDL receptor)
  6. late endosome –> endolysosome
  7. release of free cholesterol via hydrolytic enzymes
  8. recycling of lysosome
41
Q

this secretory pathway is used to transport/release membrane lipids or soluble proteins in an unregulated membrane fusion; this is often the default for molecules with no target info

A

constitutive secretory pathway

42
Q

this secretory pathway occurs in response to the activity of an extracellular receptor (via hormones/NTMs) to induce regulated membrane fusion

A

regulated secretory pathway

43
Q

In what cells to secretory vesicles form?

A

only in cells that perform excretion functions (i.e. toxicant removal)

44
Q

What is the default fate/location of a protein translocated into the ER lumen (only contains an ER localizing signal)?

A

extracellular space

45
Q

What is the default fate/location of proteins synthesized via cytosolic transcription?

A

usually mitochondria/chloroplast–otherwise they remain in cytosol

Molec and Cell (18 decks)

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