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Molec and Cell > Chapter 11: Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 different groups of items that can be transported through the membrane via bilayer diffusion

A
  1. hydrophobic molecules
  2. small uncharged molecules
  3. large uncharged molecules
  4. ions
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2
Q

What are two types of passive transport proteins?

A
  1. transporters
  2. channels
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3
Q

This type of passive protein has a conformational change (opens/closes) when moving molecules across membranes

A

transporter

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4
Q

this type of passive protein is a (sometimes gated) pore that quickly moves molecules across membranes

A

channel

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5
Q

About what portion of a typical cell membrane consists of receptors?

A

1/15

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6
Q

What type of molecule movement across membranes produces a logarithmic curve of activity?

A

transporter-mediated

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7
Q

What type of molecule movement across membranes produces a linear curve of activity?

A

simple diffusion

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8
Q

What are the three types of active transport?

A
  1. coupled transport
  2. ATP-driven pumps
  3. Light-driven pumps
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9
Q

A type of transport where only a single molecule is moved across a membrane

A

uniport

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10
Q

A type of coupled transport where two molecules are moved in the same direction across a membrane

A

symport

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11
Q

a type of coupled transport where two molecules are moved in opposite directions across a membrane

A

anitport

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12
Q

(T/F) the molecules moved in coupled transport are always going against their gradients

A

False

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13
Q

What essential basal/lateral transport proteins are found in gut lumen cells?

A
  1. Na+/K+ pumps
  2. passive glucose channels
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14
Q

What essential apical transport proteins are found in the gut lumen cells?

A

Na+/glucose transporter

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the Na+/K+ pump in the basal/lateral portions of gut lumen cells?

A

maintains a low [Na+] inside the cell

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the passive glucose transporters found in the basal/lateral portions of gut lumen cells?

A

removes absorbed glucose from the cell into the blood

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17
Q

what is the purpose of Na+/glucose transporters found in the apical surface of gut lumen cells?

A

absorbs low [glucose] from the lumen

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18
Q

What are 4 types of ATP-driven pumps?

A
  1. P-type ATPase
  2. ABC transporters
  3. V-type H+ pump
  4. F-type ATP synthase
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19
Q

This type of ATP-driven pump undergoes conformational changes as it consumes ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient

A

ABC transporters

20
Q

This is a turbine-like protein machine that consumes ATP to transport H+ ions across membranes

A

V-type H+ pump

21
Q

This is a turbine-like protein machine that conducts rotational catalysis to produce ATP while transporting H+ ions

A

F-type ATP synthase

22
Q

In these proteins, the energy-providing ATP hydrolysis is coupled to the ion transport of one or two ion species across membranes (with the gradient)

A

P-type ATPase

23
Q

[Na+] are typically higher where?

A

outside the cell

24
Q

[K+] are typically higher where?

A

inside the cell

25
Q

[H+] is typically higher where?

A

inside the cell

26
Q

Where does the ATP-binding domain of ATP-driven pumps have to be located to function properly

A

inner membrane

27
Q

[Na+] gradients aid in the maintenance of what?

A

pH

28
Q

This ATP-driven pump brings in 2K+ and pushes out 3 Na+

A

Na+/K+ pump

29
Q

what is the range of Na+/K+ pumps per cell?

A

80,000-30,000,000

30
Q

About how many cycles does the Na+/K+ pump complete per minute

A

1,500-5,000 cycles/min

31
Q

What are the levels of control for activity does the Na+/K+ pump undergo?

A
  1. gene expression (slow)
  2. regulatory domain (fast)
32
Q

The initial state of the Na+/K+ pump cycle is called what?

A

E1

33
Q

Once ATP binds to the Na+/K+ pump, what is the complex called?

A

E1 + ATP

34
Q

How many ATP binding domains are present in ABC transporters?

A

2

35
Q

How do bacterial cells uses ABC transporters?

A

bring large molecules into cell

36
Q

How do eukaryotes use ABC transporters?

A

remove small molecules from cell

37
Q

Whats an example of an ABC pump?

A

MDR (multiple drug resistant) pump

38
Q

What 2 things are affected by [H+]?

A
  1. ATP synthase
  2. amino acids (proteins)
39
Q

The functions of metabolism generally do what to pH?

A

decreases; more acidic

40
Q

What are 3 examples of pH-regulating transporters?

A
  1. Sodium/proton exchanger
  2. Sodium-driven chloride ion/bicarbonate exchanger
  3. sodium-independent chloride/bicarbonate exchanger
41
Q

This is a pH-regulating transporter that utilizes high exterior [Na+] to export H+ ions from the cell (antiport fashion)

A

sodium/proton exchanger

42
Q

This is a pH-regulating transporter that uses Na+ to facilitate the transport of bicarbonate into the cell (symport). This then allows for the export of Cl- and H+ ions (symport)

A

Sodium-driven chloride ion/bicarbonate exchanger

43
Q

How many bicarbonates are imported with a Na+ ion in a Sodium-driven chloride ion/bicarbonate exchanger?

A

2-3 bicarbonates

44
Q

How many H+ ions are eliminated with one Na+ ion via the sodium-driven chloride ion/bicarbonate exchanger

A

2 H+ ions

45
Q

This is a pH-regulating transporter that exports bicarbonate and imports Cl- ions

A

sodium-independent chloride/bicarbonate exchanger

46
Q

Why is the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger not preferred?

A

removes buffering bicarbonate

47
Q

When is the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger typically used?

A

with high pH environments (low [H+])

Molec and Cell (18 decks)

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