Chapter 13 - Exam 2

Question 1

“Children Are Children First”

Answer 1

children have to be children first, and those with disabilities cant be treated differently
individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA) - federal legislation that requires all children to spend time in regular classroom regardless of disabilities

Question 2

Growth Assessment: Warning Signs

Answer 2

Plateau in weight, pattern of wt gain then loss, failure to regain lost weight after an illness, unexplained/unintentional wt gain

Question 3

Conditions That Lead to Short Stature

Answer 3

specialty growth charts needed in some cases;
Achrondroplasia (form of dwarfism), down syndrome, fragile X syndrom, Prader-Willi syndrome, Rubinstein-Tabyi syndrome, sickle-cell disease, Turner Syndrome, Spastic quadriplegia,
Marfan Syndrome leads to tall stature

Question 4

Conditions with Lower Caloric Needs

Answer 4

conditions with slow growth or decreased muscles;

Prader-Willi syndrome, Down syndrome

Question 5

Conditions with Higher Caloric Needs

Answer 5

increased calories as activity increases;

autism, ADHD (low impulse control and short attention span)

Question 6

Conditions with High Protein Needs

Answer 6

cystic fribrosis - 150% DRI

Question 7

Conditions with Low Protein Needs

Answer 7

phenylketonuria (PKU) - required low phenylalanine protein
*lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase resulting in build-up of phynelalanine
associated with poor growth and mental retardation

Question 8

Vit/Min in Special Conditions

Answer 8

adequate vit and min should be provided in well-balanced diet
conditions that interfere with adequate nutrient intake include;
chewing/feeding problems, side effects of prescribed meds, food refusal with recurrent illness, conditions with restrictions on certain foods (celiac disease, PKU)

Question 9

Nutrition Recommendations

Answer 9

asses intake to determine if nutrients adequate

children with special health care needs benefit from same dietary recom. as other children

Question 10

Methods to Reach Nutritional Requirements

Answer 10

oral feeding is preferred method of feeding
gastrostomy (tube placed directly into stomach) may be required for;
severe cerebral palsy or cystic fibrosis, and some cancers

Question 11

Vit/Min Supplements for Chronic Conditions

Answer 11

may be beneficial for conditions to assure adequate intake
conditions that may require supplements;
chewing/feeding problems, diabetes or on ketogenic diet (avoid supp. with added CHO), PKU (avoid supp. with certain artificial sweeteners made with phenylalanine), cystic fibrosis (fat soluble supp.), galactosemia (required Ca supp.)

Question 12

Fluid Requirements for Chronic Conditions

Answer 12

Conditions that affect fluid status;

drooling from cerebral palsy, neuromuscular disorders (constipation), multiple med use

Question 13

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 13

disorder in blood glucose & insulin regulation in which diet management is crucial
both types (1 and 2) are increasing in children (type 2 varies with ethnicity - 22/1,000 in Pima Indians, 7/100,00 in Ohio)

Question 14

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 14

autoimmune disease

Question 15

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 15

insulin resistance, associated with obesity

Question 16

Diabetes and Treatment

Answer 16

consequences of poorly controlled diabetes; organ damage, premature death
-treatments; timing/composition of meals/snacks, insulin pumps inject insulin continuously and automatically in response to meals - for type 1, exercise

Question 17

Seizures and Epilepsy

Answer 17

uncontrolled electrical disturbances in brain )ranges from mild blinking to severe jerking

3. 5/1,000
   - treatment; medications (may impact growth and appetite, ketogenic diets (severely low CHO diet, recommended for ~ 2 years)

Question 18

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 18

impaired muscle activity/coordination
1.4-2.4/1,000
39-44% have mental retardation
26-33% have seizures
14-18% have visual impairment
nutritional concerns; slow growth, difficulty eating/feeding, caloric needs difficult to determine

Question 19

HIV/AIDS

Answer 19

UNAIDS 2011 - 34 mil people living with HIV, about 2.5 mil acquired HIV in 2011
nutrition important in HIV management
antiretroviral therapy depresses appetite/food intake (results in FTT, gastrostomy may be needed to help)
nutrition also helps control food-related infections