Chapter 13: Conflict and Peace Flashcards
Prisoner’s Dilemma
a situation in which two players each have two options whose outcome depends crucially on the simultaneous choice made by the other, often formulated in terms of two prisoners separately deciding whether to confess to a crime.
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon others’ behavior
Non-zero-sum games
Games in which outcomes need not sum to zero. With cooperation, both can win; with competition, both can lose
Competition
the act or process of trying to get or win something (such as a prize or a higher level of success) that someone else is also trying to get or win
Perceived injustice
an appraisal cognition comprising elements of the exaggerated severity of loss consequent to injury or pain onset, perceived irreparability of loss, a sense of unfairness and blame
Social dilemma
a situation that creates a conflict between the individual’s interests and the collective’s interests
Misperception
a wrong or incorrect understanding or interpretation.
Mirror-image perceptions
Reciprocal views of each other often held by parties in conflict; for example, each may view itself as moral and peace-loving and the other as evil and aggressive,
Terrorism
the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.
Contact
intergroup contact under appropriate conditions can effectively reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members
Self-segregation
the separation of a religious, ethnic, or racial group from other groups in a country by the group itself naturally
Desegregation
the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races
Group salience
a person’s cognizance of fellow group members similarities and differences within a group interaction
Common enemy
the phenomenon that members of a group work together when they face an opponent, although they otherwise have little in common
Cooperative learning
structuring classes around small groups that work together in such a way that each group member’s success is dependent on the group’s success
