Chapter 13 - Binet, Piaget, and the study of intelligence and development Flashcards
alfred binet and jean piaget
interested in comparing individuals based on their cognitive abilities and the development of intelligence. binet focused more on the individual, quantity and intelligence, while Piaget looked more at the qualitative development of intelligence
projective tests
showing people ambiguous pictures and asking about what people saw in those pictures
charles spearman
had a different view of intelligence than binet. developed the two-factor intelligence theory
william stern
according to him, you should not add or subtract mental and chronological ages but divide them by each other. so the mental age was divided by the chronological age; this way, you get the intelligence quotient (IQ)
lewis terman
adjusted stern’s sum and multiplied the quotient by 100 resulting stanford-binet intelligence scale
phase theory of cognitive development (piaget)
there are 4 major successive stages that take place between infancy and late adolescence
- sensory-motor stage
- pre-operational phase
- concrete operational
- formal operaitional phase
sensory-motor stage
ages 0-2
object permanence is not yet developed: for children, objects only exist when you can see them
pre-operational phase
ages 2-7
object permanence is already developed, but children have not yet developed conservation of quantity: they cannot estimate the properties of objects
concrete operational
ages 7-12
the conservation problem can be solved now, but not with different solutions
formal operational phase
ages 12+
the child can solve all conceptual and reasoning problems. this is the highest level, where children can think about constructs in an abstract way
bruner
came up wtih the theory of mode of representation because he was interested on how children could become better at maths
