Chapter 13 Flashcards
Who kicked the Danes out of England?
Alfred the Great
What king signed the Magna Carta, which limited his powers and protected the nobles power?
John
Who fought against Harold of Essex and defeated him at the Battle of Hastings?
William the conqueror
Who was the king who set up the first treasury (exchequer) office and sent traveling judges to hear cases which weakened the lord’s power.
Henry
What king send others to survey people;s property for tax purposes?
William
Who was murdered by the King’s knights because he refused to allow his clergy to be tried in royal courts?
Becket
Under who’s direction did the legal system grow in England (civil and criminal cases and trial by jury)
Henry II
Who was the ruler of Germany who was also interested in the northern part of Italy. He also fought against the Lombard League.
Frederick Barbarossa
What great leader worked to make Germany a strong country and was also interested in Italy?
Otto the Great
What king was excommunicated from the church?
Henry IV
What pope fought with Henry IV for power?
Gregory VII
Which pope viewed kings/ emperors/ monarchs as “servants” of the church?
Innocent III
Who was the surviving son of Charlemagne but was a weak leader, and whose empire was divided among Charlemagne’s grandsons?
Louis the Pious
Who was known as the hammer? He defeated the Muslims at the battle of Tours and became a mayor- of- the- peace,
Charles Martel
Who was he King of Franks? His followers were called Merovingian. He was an able military leader.
Clovis
Who was the son of Pepin the Short. He was the greatest Frankish ruler. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans. He united much of Europe.
Charlemange
What are Maygyards?
A nomadic group from Hungary
Who was the first Germanic ruler to accept Christianity?
Clovis
was crowned king and in return received land and protection.
Pepin the short
This group came from the Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland) and Russia. They were the most feared throughout Europe.
Vikings
These two groups invaded England
Angles and Saxons
He discovered Iceland
Leif Ericson
He discovered Greenland
Eric the Red
Another name for the modern-day country of France
Gaul
William the Conqueror sent out serveyors to count citizens’ properties for tax collection.
Doomsday Book
The House of Lords is made up of these two groups
Clergy and Nobles
The House of Commons is made up of these two groups
Knights and Burgesses
The legislative (law making) body of England
Parliament
This type of law is based on customs and judges decisions rather than written codes.
Common Law
This document limited King John’s powers and protected the rights of the nobles
Magna Charta
is the highest royal court in Paris
Parliament of Paris
This is the representative body of France
Estates General
The Estate was made up of the three groups. List the three groups in order from the top to the bottom.
Clergy, Nobles, Townspeople (Commoners)
Pope Gregory excommunicated King Henry IV here
Canossa
What limited the imperial power of the Church of France
Concordat of Worms
Frederick Barbarossa fought against this group and lost
Lombard league
the politica lorganization governed by local lords
Feudalism
The economic system in which large farms (manors) were self-sufficient
Manorial System
A grant of land given by the lord to his vassal
Fief
a lower lord who received a piece of land from the lord
Vassal
peasants who worked on the manor
serfs
A system of rules that dictated a knights behavior
Chivalry
the church’s law code
Canon
The act of buying high positions in the church
Simony
Ceremonies of the church, such as, Baptism and Marriage
Sacriments
the princes of the Church…they advice the pope
Cardinals
people who denied the Church’s teachings or who practiced the beliefs approved by the church
Hererics
The church’s attempt to seek out heretics and punish them
Inquisition
Dominant Influences of the Early Middle Ages: ____ heritage of the Roman Empire, ____ of the Roman Catholic Church and the ____ of the Germanic tribes.
Classical, Beliefs, Customs
By 500 AD, Germanic invasions had destroyed the urban world of the Roman Empire. ____ declines, ____ and order had vanished. _______ was no longer used.
Trade, law, money
____ means Middle Ages
Medieval
_________ were royal messengers who spied on Charlemagne’s people to male sure they were obeying the rules.
Missi Dominici
Where did Monks live, pray, and become educated and copied books?
Monasteries
The Vikings told _____ (long poems) and used Roman letters in their written language. They practiced ______ which was worshiping nature spirits and warlike gods. They were the last great invaders to descend on Western Europe.
epics, paganism
What are the 3 theories as to why the Vikings disappeared?
- The Vikings adopted Christianity so they were less likely to kill and pillage villagers.
- Europe’s climate warmed so the Vikings no longer needed to explore her raid.
- Europe developed a new political, military and social systems that successfully warded off Viking invasions.
Feudalism stressed ______ of mutual protection between monarchs and nobles.
Alliances
What were soldiers on horseback?
Calvary
What is the ceremony in which a vassal promised obedience to a lord?
Homage
What are tournaments?
mock battles to help knights practice for real battles
A nobleman’s son began training for knighthood at the age of ___. He started as a ____ and then at age 14 he became a _____ who assisted the knight. Once he proved himself in battle he became a knight.
7, Page, Squire
Increased production (increase the cultivation of crops) was due to the following three improvements:
- Heavier type of plow.
- Three crop rotation
- The horse collar harness.
- Few peasants lived beyond the age of ____. Famine and disease were constant dangers. Diet consisted of _____, _______ and _______. The peasants enjoyed dancing, singing, pageants, wrestling and archery.
40, bread, vegetables, grains
