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Emma World History > Chapter 11- Islamic Civilzation > Flashcards

Chapter 11- Islamic Civilzation Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Bedouins

A

nomadic herders who settled in the Arabian

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2
Q

Who was Umar

A

2nd caliph of Islamic Empire; the conqueror

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3
Q

Define Minaret

A

a tower used to call Muslims to prayer

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4
Q

Define jihad

A

struggle to introduce Islam

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5
Q

Define mosque

A

Muslim house of worship

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6
Q

Define caliph

A

leader of Islamic civilization

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7
Q

Define sultan

A

a political leader of the Turks, had no religious power

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8
Q

Define imam

A

Muslim prayer leader, descendants of Muhammad

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9
Q

Define hijrah

A

Muhammad’s flight or migration to Medina

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10
Q

Define hajj

A

pilgrimage to Makkah

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11
Q

Who was Abu Bakr

A

1st caliph after Muhammad; created the Qu’ran

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12
Q

What city was built by Abul- Abbas?

A

Baghdad

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13
Q

What city was capital of the Abbasid empire?

A

Baghdad

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14
Q

Who is the prophet of Islam?

A

Muhammad

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15
Q

What god do Muslims worship?

A

Allah

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16
Q

What is the holiest city of Islam and why?

A

Mecca, because Muhammad was born there

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17
Q

What is the political center of Islam?

A

Medina

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18
Q

Where did Muhammad flee in AD 622?

A

Medina

19
Q

Who was the Muslim doctor who treated smallpox and measles?

A

Al- Razi

20
Q

Who was the Muslim physician who wrote a book that classified all known medical information up until the 900’s

A

Ibenscina (spelled wrong)

21
Q

Islam experienced a schism, and split into 2 groups… What were they and what did each believe?

A

Sunni- followed Mu’awiyah

Shi’ite- didn’t follow Mu’awiyah and believed only descendants of Muhammad should rule

22
Q

Who was Ali’s rival, who founded the Umayyad dynasty?

A

Mu’awiyah

23
Q

Who is Al- Idrisi?

A

a geographer who created the most accurate maps of the known world

24
Q

Under who’s rule did the Abbasid Empire reach its height?

A

Harun Al- Rashid

25
Q

What is the name given to Muslims who live in Spain?

A

Moors

26
Q

What type of book did Ibn Sina write?

A

Medical

27
Q

What did Al Khwarizmi study?

A

Algebra

28
Q

What are the five pillars of Islam

A

1) Faith: Muslims are to confess their faith acknowledging Muhammad as prophet and the divinity of God.
2) Prayer: Muslims are to pray 5 times a day facing Mecca, Sunrise, Early Morning, Noon, early afternoon, and sunset
3) Alms: Giving charity and assistance to the weak and poor.
4) Fasting: during Ramadan, Muslims are to neither eat nor drink from sunrise to sunset. In the evening, Muslims can eat together and socialize.
5) Pilgrimage: Every Muslim is to take a Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca. It involves das of ceremony, prayer, and sacrifice

29
Q

What was an astrolabe?

A

A tool created by the Greeks and improved by the Muslims that allowed Islamic scholars to locate the position of the stars, find the beginning of Ramadan (the month of fasting), and measure the earth’s circumference.

30
Q

What is the Muslim Holy book?

A

Qur’an

31
Q

What is the official language of Islam?

A

Arabic

32
Q

How many times a day do Muslims pray?

A

5

33
Q

When do Muslims fast?

A

During Ramadan from sunrise to sunset

34
Q

Who did the Muslims believe was the last prophet?

A

Muhammad

35
Q

Before Muhammad, who’s shine did the Arabs travel to Mecca to worship?

A

The Kaaba

36
Q

What does the Kaaba house?

A

The black stone

37
Q

List three similarities between Islam. Christianity, and Judaism.

A
  • They all believe in only one God
  • All have some sort of paradise and hell
  • All believe in a prophet
38
Q

List 3 differences between Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.

A

founder,holy book, and main day of worship

39
Q

What were the 3 choices faced by non-Muslims in the Islamic Empire?

A

They had to decide whether to pay higher taxes, convert to Islam, OR DIE!!!!

40
Q

Explain 4 reasons for the rapid expansion of the Islamic Empire.

A
  • attcked weak
  • fighting for giiad
  • united by religion
  • if died went directly to heaven
41
Q

Why was the Battle of Tours and why was it important?

A

Muslims defeated by Franks (charles something)

42
Q

What is the difference between the Sunnis and the Shi’ites?

A

The Sunnis accepted Mu’awiyah as the rightful caliph and Shi’ites believed only descendants of Muhammad could become caliph.

43
Q

What are 3 accomplishments of the Islamic Empire under the Umayyad caliphate?

A
  • Made Arabic the official language
  • Facilitated trade across Islamic land
  • Stressed politics over religion and minted currency

Emma World History (7 decks)

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