Chapter 11- Islamic Civilzation Flashcards
Define Bedouins
nomadic herders who settled in the Arabian
Who was Umar
2nd caliph of Islamic Empire; the conqueror
Define Minaret
a tower used to call Muslims to prayer
Define jihad
struggle to introduce Islam
Define mosque
Muslim house of worship
Define caliph
leader of Islamic civilization
Define sultan
a political leader of the Turks, had no religious power
Define imam
Muslim prayer leader, descendants of Muhammad
Define hijrah
Muhammad’s flight or migration to Medina
Define hajj
pilgrimage to Makkah
Who was Abu Bakr
1st caliph after Muhammad; created the Qu’ran
What city was built by Abul- Abbas?
Baghdad
What city was capital of the Abbasid empire?
Baghdad
Who is the prophet of Islam?
Muhammad
What god do Muslims worship?
Allah
What is the holiest city of Islam and why?
Mecca, because Muhammad was born there
What is the political center of Islam?
Medina
Where did Muhammad flee in AD 622?
Medina
Who was the Muslim doctor who treated smallpox and measles?
Al- Razi
Who was the Muslim physician who wrote a book that classified all known medical information up until the 900’s
Ibenscina (spelled wrong)
Islam experienced a schism, and split into 2 groups… What were they and what did each believe?
Sunni- followed Mu’awiyah
Shi’ite- didn’t follow Mu’awiyah and believed only descendants of Muhammad should rule
Who was Ali’s rival, who founded the Umayyad dynasty?
Mu’awiyah
Who is Al- Idrisi?
a geographer who created the most accurate maps of the known world
Under who’s rule did the Abbasid Empire reach its height?
Harun Al- Rashid
What is the name given to Muslims who live in Spain?
Moors
What type of book did Ibn Sina write?
Medical
What did Al Khwarizmi study?
Algebra
What are the five pillars of Islam
1) Faith: Muslims are to confess their faith acknowledging Muhammad as prophet and the divinity of God.
2) Prayer: Muslims are to pray 5 times a day facing Mecca, Sunrise, Early Morning, Noon, early afternoon, and sunset
3) Alms: Giving charity and assistance to the weak and poor.
4) Fasting: during Ramadan, Muslims are to neither eat nor drink from sunrise to sunset. In the evening, Muslims can eat together and socialize.
5) Pilgrimage: Every Muslim is to take a Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca. It involves das of ceremony, prayer, and sacrifice
What was an astrolabe?
A tool created by the Greeks and improved by the Muslims that allowed Islamic scholars to locate the position of the stars, find the beginning of Ramadan (the month of fasting), and measure the earth’s circumference.
What is the Muslim Holy book?
Qur’an
What is the official language of Islam?
Arabic
How many times a day do Muslims pray?
5
When do Muslims fast?
During Ramadan from sunrise to sunset
Who did the Muslims believe was the last prophet?
Muhammad
Before Muhammad, who’s shine did the Arabs travel to Mecca to worship?
The Kaaba
What does the Kaaba house?
The black stone
List three similarities between Islam. Christianity, and Judaism.
- They all believe in only one God
- All have some sort of paradise and hell
- All believe in a prophet
List 3 differences between Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.
founder,holy book, and main day of worship
What were the 3 choices faced by non-Muslims in the Islamic Empire?
They had to decide whether to pay higher taxes, convert to Islam, OR DIE!!!!
Explain 4 reasons for the rapid expansion of the Islamic Empire.
- attcked weak
- fighting for giiad
- united by religion
- if died went directly to heaven
Why was the Battle of Tours and why was it important?
Muslims defeated by Franks (charles something)
What is the difference between the Sunnis and the Shi’ites?
The Sunnis accepted Mu’awiyah as the rightful caliph and Shi’ites believed only descendants of Muhammad could become caliph.
What are 3 accomplishments of the Islamic Empire under the Umayyad caliphate?
- Made Arabic the official language
- Facilitated trade across Islamic land
- Stressed politics over religion and minted currency
