Chapter 13 Flashcards
DEFINE
Coronary Heart Disease
umbrella term that describes a series of illnesses that result from a narrowing of the coronary arteries caused by a build-up of plaque
DEFINE
Atherosclerosis
build up of plaque on the artery walls
cause of all heart disease
DEFINE
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain caused by a temporary lack of oxygen to our heart
LIST
What health issues lead to the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?
Possessing 3 or more of these issues leads to a diagnosis
- Obesity centred around the waist
- High blood pressure
- Low levels of HDL
- Difficulty metabolizing blood sugar
- High levels of triglycerides
LIST
What are some psychological risk factors for Coronary heart disease?
- Cynical Hostility
- Depression
- Rumination
- Social isolation
DEFINE
Cynical Hostility
characterized by suspiciousness, resentment, anger, antagonism, and distrust behaviours
EXPLAIN
What is the inital treatment for Coronary heart disease?
An operation called a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) is often preformed to increase the opening in the arteries to help blood flow through easier
LIST
What are the coponents of cardiac rehabilitation programs?
- Medication
- Diet and Activity
- Stress Management
- Social Support
DEFINE
Cardiac Invalidism
a phenomenon where both the patient and their partners see their abilities to be active as lower than they actually are, resulting in less physical activity and overreliance on others
DEFINE
Hypertension
chronic high blood pressure; and excessive amount of blood is being pumped through your veins due to:
1. high cardiac output or
2. Peripheral resistance (resistance to blood flow in smaller arteries)
healthy: 120/80
high: 140-180/X (only systolic pressure is used to indentifying high BP)
EXPLAIN
What is a sphygmomanometer?
an instrument for measuring blood pressure, typically consisting of an inflatable rubber cuff which is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury next to a graduated scale, enabling the determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff.
LIST
What are the 2 causes of hypertension and their case percentage?
- Failure of the kidneys to regulate (5%)
- Essential hypertension: Cause unknown (95%)
EXPLAIN
How likely is it for you to have hypertension if your parent(s) have it?
include stats for one and both parents
One parent: 45% chance
Both parents: 95% chance
LIST
What are some risk factors for hypertension?
- 50+ years old
- Low SES
- sedentary lifestyle
- High salt intake
- Chronic stress
- Acculturation (Process of adopting a new culture/lifestyle)
EXPLAIN
Why are canadian immigrants from non-western cultures at a higher risk of hypertension?
it is thought that this is due to the process of acculturation, where they have to adapt and adjust to their new culture and lifestyle. Of course, that can be stressful, and may also involve learning to eat new foods and maybe change activity levels in a way that can also contribute to hypertension.
LIST
What are some treatment methods for hypertension?
- lifestyle changes (Less sodium, weight loss, caffeine restriction)
- Use of diuretics and beta blockers
- Cognitive behavioural therapy
LIST
What are 2 problems with treating hypertension?
Low rates of diagnosis and high non-adherence among those who are diagnosised
DEFINE
Stroke
happens when blood flow to specific areas of the brain is interrupted, which can happen as a result of plaques in your arteries or from hypertension. This caues a blood clot, which blocks blood flow and causes a stroke.
Stroke can also be caused by cerebral hemorrhage, which refers to a ruptured blood vessel in the brain that causes bleeding.
LIST
Whare the 5 warning signs of a stroke?
- Sudden numbness to one side of the body
- Confusion and difficulty understanding speech
- Vision issues in one or both eyes
- Sudden lack of coordination and dizziness
- Severe headache with no known cause
DEFINE
Transient Ischemic Attack
“Mini stroke”; not as severe or harmful long-term
LIST
What are some symptoms of a transient ischemic attack?
Temporary:
* weakness and loss of feeling to one side
* loss of vision
* loss of speech
LIST
What are some risk factors for a stroke?
- Cigarette smoking
- Family history of stroke
- Having previously had a ‘mini-stroke’
- Heart disease and hypetension
LIST
What are some consequences that can result from a stroke?
- Motor impairments
- Cognitive impairments
- Emotional problems
- Relationship problems
EXPLAIN
What issues are associated with left brain strokes?
- Communication disorders
- Reduction in learning skills
- Increased anxiety and depression
- Wernicke’s Aphasia: An inability to comprehend language
- Broca’s Aphasia: A deficit in speaking or producing language
