Chapter 5

Question 1

DEFINE

Epigenetics

Answer 1

the enviromental influences on one’s gene transcription

Question 2

EXPLAIN

What substance, according to the DSM-5, cannot be classified as a substance use disorder?

Answer 2

Caffeine

Question 3

LIST

What are the basic criteria used according to the DSM, to diagnose a substance use disorder?

Answer 3

1. Risky use
2. Social impairment
3. Sacrifice of other activities to use drugs
4. Neglecting important roles to use drugs
5. increased usage
6. Excessive time spent using
7. Pharmacological effect*

*There are 5 additional ‘criteria’ included under Pharmacological Effects: Craving, withdraw, tolerance, repeated quitting attempts, and symptoms from drug use

Question 4

DEFINE

What is the Unease Modulation Model?

Answer 4

A model of stress that proposes that there are 2 types of unease involved in stress

Question 5

EXPLAIN

What are the 2 types of unease involved in the Unease Modulation Model?

Answer 5

1. General Unease
2. Absence Unease: Unease generated from the absence of the addictive drug or behaviour

Question 6

DEFINE

Harm Reduction

Answer 6

Inventions that aim at reducing the negative effects of health behaviours, without directly trying to stop the problematic health behaviour completely

Like providing clean needles to those who use heroin to limit infection

Question 7

DEFINE

Psychoactive substances

Answer 7

A substance that can impact cognitive and affective processes of the body