Chapter 7 Flashcards
DEFINE
Stress Moderators
internal and external resources and vulnerabilities that modify or change the way stress is experienced and its effects.
DEFINE
Negative Affectivity
A pervasive mood indicated by anxiety, depression and hostility
may also be referred to as neuroticism
DEFINE
Pessimism
a relatively stable dispositional characteristic to expect negative outcomes in the future
EXPLAIN
How do those with a pessimistic explainatory style explain negative events?
- internal (caused by self)
- stable (Feeling will remain)
- global (Application of broad negative perspective)
EXPLAIN
How do those with a pessimistic explainatory style explain postive events?
- external (Caused by events out of their control)
- unstable (event could change at any time)
- specific (event needs specific factors to be present to occur; “stars aligned perfectly for this to happen”)
DEFINE
Perfectionism
a tendency to experience frequent cognitions about the attainment of ideal standards
LIST
What negative health effects have been associated with perfectionism?
- migraines
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- cluster headaches
- arthritis
- asthma
- chronic pain
- heart disease
LIST
What are the 2 types of perfectionism?
Socially prescribed perfectionism (others have high standards of you)
Self-oriented perfection (High expectations of self)
LIST
What are the 5 types of coping strategies?
- Approach Coping
- Avoidance Coping
- Problem-Focused Coping
- Emotion-Focused Coping
- Relationship-Focused Coping
EXPLAIN
What is the difference between problem-focused and Emotion-focused coping styles?
Somene who is a problem-focused coper will deal with the problem by working to solve the problem, while a emotion-focused coper will work to manage the emotions caused by the problem
LIST
What are the 2 types of emotion-focused coping?
- Rumination (negative recurring thoughts about a past or future event)
- Emotional Approach Coping (clarifying, focusing on, and working through the emotions experienced)
DEFINE
Dyadic Coping
interplay of stress experienced and expressed by one partner and coping reactions of the other
LIST
What are the 4 types of social support?
- Tangible support
- Informational support
- Emotional support
- Invisible support (Support that is occuring without reciever being aware)
EXPLAIN
What is the difference between Explicit social support and Implicit social support?
Explicit social support is support that is specific to a certain stressor or category of issues, while Implicit social support is focused more broadly without a specific focus
LIST
What are the 2 hypothesis around the moderation of stress using social support?
Direct effects hypothesis
and Buffering hypothesis
EXPLAIN
What is the Direct Effects hypothesis?
The hypothesis that social support systems are important during both stressful and non-stressful periods of life
EXPLAIN
What is the Buffering Hypothesis?
The hypothesis that the benefits of social support systems mostly exist during periods of stress
