Chapter 13

Question 1

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 1

A disorder that develops during childhood and is characterized by impulsiveness, inability to sustain attention, learning difficulty, and hyperactivity.

Question 2

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 2

A set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social deficits, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors.

Question 3

Autistic Savant

Answer 3

An individual with autism with an isolated exceptional capability.

Question 4

Default Mode Network

Answer 4

Portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes that are active when the brain is at rest or focused internally; its activity is thought to represent preparedness for action.

Question 5

Down Syndrome

Answer 5

Intellectual disability characterized by IQs in the 40 to 55 range, usually caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome.

Question 6

Fragile X Syndrome

Answer 6

A form of intellectual disability caused by excessive CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene; IQ is typically below 75.

Question 7

Intellectual Disability

Answer 7

Limitation in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and adaptive behavior that is developmental in origin.

Question 8

Intelligence

Answer 8

The capacity for learning, reasoning, and understanding.

Question 9

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 9

The measure typically used for intelligence.

Question 10

Phenylketonuria

Answer 10

An inherited form of intellectual disability in which the body fails to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, which interferes with myelination during development.

Question 11

Theory of Mind

Answer 11

The ability to attribute mental states to oneself and to others.