Ch.5 Bio Psych

Question 1

Addiction

Answer 1

A preoccupation with obtaining a drug, compulsive use of the drug in spite of adverse consequences, and a high tendency to relapse after quitting.

Question 2

Agonist Treatment

Answer 2

Addiction treatment that replaces the addicting drug with another drug that has a similar effect.

Question 3

Alcohol

Answer 3

Ethanol, a drug fermented from fruits, grains, and other plant products, which acts at many brain sites to produce euphoria, anxiety reduction, motor incoordination, and cognitive impairment.

Question 4

Amphetamine

Answer 4

One of a group of synthetic drugs that produce euphoria and increase confidence and concentration.

Question 5

Analgesic

Answer 5

Pain relieving.

Question 6

Antagonist Treatment

Answer 6

A form of treatment for drug addiction using drugs that block the effects of the addicting drug.

Question 7

Antidrug Vaccine

Answer 7

A form of anti-addiction treatment using molecules that attach to the drug and stimulate the immune system to make antibodies that will break down the drug.

Question 8

Anxiolytic

Answer 8

Anxiety reducing.

Question 9

Aversive Treatment

Answer 9

A form of addiction treatment that causes a negative reaction when the person takes the drug.

Question 10

Barbiturate

Answer 10

A class of drugs that act selectively on higher cortical centers, especially those involved in inhibiting behavior, so they produce talkativeness and increased social interaction. In higher doses, they act as sedatives and hypnotics. Used to treat anxiety, aid sleep, and prevent epileptic convulsions.

Question 11

Bath Salts

Answer 11

Any one of several synthetic derivatives of the Catha edulis plant that have amphetamine-like effects.

Question 12

Benzodiazepine

Answer 12

A class of drugs that produce anxiety reduction, sedation, and muscle relaxation by stimulating benzodiazepine receptors on the GABAA complex, facilitating GABA binding.

Question 13

Caffeine

Answer 13

A drug that produces arousal, increased alertness, and decreased sleepiness; the active ingredient in coffee.

Question 14

Cannabinoids

Answer 14

A group of compounds that includes the active ingredient in marijuana (tetrahydrocannabinol) and the endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands, anandamide, and 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-Ara-Gl). Cannabinoids act as retrograde messengers.

Question 15

Cocaine

Answer 15

A drug extracted from the South American coca plant; produces euphoria, decreased appetite, increased alertness, and relief from fatigue.

Question 16

Delirium Tremens

Answer 16

A reaction in some cases of withdrawal from alcohol, including hallucinations, delusions, confusion, and, in extreme cases, seizures and possible death.

Question 17

Depressant

Answer 17

reduces central nervous system activity.

Question 18

Drug

Answer 18

changes the body or its functioning.

Question 19

Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB)

Answer 19

A procedure in which animals (or humans) learn to press a lever or perform some other action to deliver mild electrical stimulation to brain areas where the stimulation is rewarding.

Question 20

Endogenous

Answer 20

Generated within the body; usually used to refer to natural ligands for neurotransmitter receptors.

Question 21

Endorphins

Answer 21

Substances produced in the body that function both as neurotransmitters and as hormones and that act on opioid receptors in many parts of the nervous system.

Question 22

Euphoria

Answer 22

A sense of happiness or ecstasy; many abused drugs produce euphoria.

Question 23

Heroin

Answer 23

A major drug of addiction synthesized from morphine.

Question 24

Hypnotic

Answer 24

Sleep inducing.

Question 25

Marijuana :)

Answer 25

The dried and crushed leaves and flowers of the Indian hemp plant Cannabis sativa.

Question 26

Mesocortical Pathway

Answer 26

A system that projects from dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area to the frontal cortex. See also mesolimbocortical dopamine system.

Question 27

Mesolimbic Pathway

Answer 27

A system that projects from dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens. See also mesolimbocortical dopamine system.

Question 28

Mesolimbocortical Dopamine System

Answer 28

A pathway including the ventral tegmental area, medial forebrain bundle, nucleus accumbens, and projections into prefrontal areas. The pathway is important in reward effects from drugs, electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB), and activities such as eating and sex.

Question 29

Methadone

Answer 29

A synthetic opioid used as an agonist treatment for opiate addiction.

Question 30

Methylation

Answer 30

Attachment of a methyl group to DNA, which suppresses a gene’s activity. See also epigenetic.

Question 31

Nicotine

Answer 31

Primary psychoactive and addictive ingredient in tobacco.

Question 32

Nucleus Accumbens

Answer 32

A forebrain structure that is part of the mesolimbocortical dopamine system and a potent center for reward.

Question 33

Opiate

Answer 33

Any drug derived from the opium poppy. The term is also used to refer to effects at opiate receptors, including those by endorphins.

Question 34

Psychedelic Drug

Answer 34

Any compound that causes perceptual distortions in the user.

Question 35

Psychoactive Drug

Answer 35

Any drug that has psychological effects, such as anxiety relief or hallucinations.

Question 36

Reward

Answer 36

The positive effect on a user from a drug, electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB), sex, food, warmth, and so on.

Question 37

Sedative

Answer 37

A calming effect of a drug.

Question 38

Stimulant

Answer 38

A drug that activates the nervous system to produce arousal, increased alertness, and elevated mood.

Question 39

Tolerance

Answer 39

After repeated drug use, the individual becomes less responsive and requires increasing amounts of a drug to produce the same results.

Question 40

Ventral Tegmental Area

Answer 40

A part of the mesolimbocortical dopamine system, which sends neurons to the nucleus accumbens and is a potent reward area.

Question 41

Withdrawal

Answer 41

A negative reaction that occurs when drug use is stopped.A negative reaction that occurs when drug use is stopped.