chapter 13 Flashcards
What plays a significant role in health beliefs and behaviors and also determines how individuals and families react to illness?
Culture
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What are the factors that contribute to chronic illnesses?
Aging, Sedentary lifestyle, and obesity
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Chronic illnesses have a significant impact on what?
Social and Economic
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Some chronic illnesses go through what periods of what?
Remission (symptoms subside) and Exacerbation (symptoms reappear or worsen)
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Despite the prevalence of emotional response to illness, most medical and nursing attention is focused on what?
Physical aspects of the disease process rather than emotions
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What are the stages of adjusting to illness?
Disbelief and Denial; Irritability and Anger; Attempting to Gain Control; Depression and Despair; and Acceptance and Participation
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True or False: Human responses to illness are rarely if ever linear
True (the patient will go back and forth between responses)
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What are the factors that influence how a person will respond to an illness?
Cultural expectations; Past experiences; Internal and External variables; and The Individual’s personality
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What are the five attributes and expectations identified by Talcott Parsons of the sick role that guided the view of illness among White Americans for decades?
- Is exempt from social responsibilities; 2. Cannot be expected to care for himself/herself; 3. Should want to get well; 4. Should seek medical advice; 5. Should cooperate with medical experts
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Resilient responses are thought to be a result of what three factors?
- Disposition (temperament, personality, overall health and appearance, and cognitive style); 2. Family influences (warmth, support, and organization); 3. Outside support factors (supportive network and success in school or work)
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Who is one of the leading proponents of the spirituality and healing movements?
Dr. Herbert Benson (originated the “relaxation-response” therapy to reduce stress in patients with hypertension, chronic pain, and other stress-related illnesses)
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What does cultural assessment begins with?
Self-assessment (examine your own values)
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What are the emotional responses that illnesses create?
Guilt; Anger; Anxiety; and Stress
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What are the levels of anxiety?
Mild; Moderate; Severe; and Panic
MILD (increased alertness, increased ability to focus, improved concentration, expanded capacity for learning); MODERATE (concentration limited to one thing, increased body movement, rapid speech, subjective awareness of discomfort); SEVERE (scattered thoughts, difficulty with verbal communication, considerable discomfort purposeful movements); PANIC (complete disorganization, difficulty differentiating reality from unreality, constant random movements, unable to function without assistance)
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What is the difference between anxiety and fear?
Fear results from specific known causes, whereas anxiety is more unfocused
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