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Psych 102 > Chapter 12 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

An individual’s unique compilation of consistent behavioural traits

A

Personality

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2
Q

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations

A

Personality Trait

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3
Q

Correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

A

Factor Analysis

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4
Q

Cattell (Theory)

A

16 Source Traits Theory

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5
Q

Hans Eysenck (Theory)

A

3-Factor Model

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6
Q
  1. Introversion-Extroversion
  2. Neuroticism-Stability
  3. Psychoticism
A

Eysenck’s 3-Factors

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7
Q

Robert McCrae and Paul Costa (Theory)

A

‘Big 5’ Trait Theory

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8
Q
  1. Extraversion
  2. Neuroticism
  3. Openness to Experience
  4. Agreeableness
  5. Conscientiousness
  6. Honesty-Humility
A

Big Five +

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9
Q

All the diverse theories that descended from the work of Sigmund Freud

A

Psychodynamic Theories

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10
Q

Attempts to explain personality based on early childhood experiences, unconscious conflicts, and sexual and aggressive impulses

A

Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

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11
Q

Psychic energy that fuels primitive sexual and aggressive impulses

A

Libido

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12
Q

Primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle

A

Id

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13
Q

Demanding immediate gratification of urges

A

Pleasure Principle

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14
Q

Decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle

A

Ego

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15
Q

Delaying immediate gratification until the appropriate situation

A

Relaity Principle

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16
Q

Moral component of personality that incorporates social standards of right and wrong

A

Superego

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17
Q

Whatever on is aware of at a particular point in time

A

Conscious

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18
Q

Material just beneath the surface of awareness that can be easily retrieved

A

Preconscious

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19
Q

Material well below awareness, not easily retrievable, has great influence on behaviour

A

Unconscious

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20
Q
  1. Conscious
  2. Preconscious
  3. Unconscious
A

3 Levels of Awareness

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21
Q

Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from anxiety caused by internal conflict

A

Defense Mechanism

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22
Q

Developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leaves a mark on adult personality

A

Psychosexual Stages

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23
Q
  1. Oral Stage
  2. Anal Stage
  3. Phallic Stage
  4. Latency Stage
  5. Genital Stage
A

5 Psychosexual Stages

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24
Q

Failure to move forward from one psychosexual stage to another as expected, caused by excessive frustration or excessive gratification of urges at the particular stage

A

Fixation

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25
Q

Child manifests erotically tinged desires for their opposite-sex parent, accompanied by feelings of hostility toward their same sex parent

A

Oedipal Complex

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26
Q

Carl Jung (Theory)

A

Analytic Psychology

27
Q

Jung, uncoscious consisting of the same components as Freud’s unconscious

A

Personal Unconscious

28
Q

Storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people’s ancestral past

A

Collective Unconscious

29
Q

Ancestral memories, emotinally charged images and thoughts with universal meaning (Ex: hero, the wise old man, the shadow, mother nature, God, etc.)

A

Archetypes

30
Q

Alfred Adler (Theory)

A

Individual Psychology

31
Q

Excessive feelings of inferiority

A

Inferiority Complex

32
Q

How we choose to go about achieving goals throughout life

A

Style of Life

33
Q

How we respond to and deal with anxiety and insecurity

A

Coping Style

34
Q

Karen Horney (Theory)

A

Personality Coping Styles

35
Q
  1. Compliance Coping
  2. Detached Coping
  3. Aggressive Coping
A

3 Personality Coping Styles

36
Q

Albert Bandura (Theory)

A

Social Cognitive Theory

37
Q

The idea that internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behaviour all continually influence one another

A

Reciprocal Determinism

38
Q

One’s belief about one’s ability to perform behaviours that should lead to expected outcomes

A

Self-Efficacy

39
Q
  1. Performance Accomplishment
  2. Vicarious Experiences
  3. Verbal Persuasion
  4. Imaginal Experiences
  5. Psychological States
  6. Emotional States
A

6 Sorces of Self-Efficacy

40
Q

Julian Rotter (Theory)

A

Locus of Control

41
Q

Whether or not an individual believes that the events in their life are related to their own behaviour

A

Locus of Control

42
Q

Belief that event of someone’s life are directly linked to their behaviour

A

Internal Locus of Control

43
Q

Belief that events of someone’s life are not directly linked to their behaviour (ex: fate, destiny, God)

A

External Locus of Control

44
Q

Carl Rogers (Theory)

A

Person Centered Theory/Therapy

45
Q

Collection of beliefs about one’s own nature, unique qualities, and typical behaviour

A

Self-Concept

46
Q

Degree of disparity between one’s self-concept and one’s actual experience

A

Incongruence

47
Q

Self-concept being relatively accurate

A

Congruence

48
Q

Discrepancy between the actual self, the ought self, and the ideal self

A

Self-Discrepancy (Tory Giggins)

49
Q

Belief about the type of person we have an obligation to be

A

The Ought Self

50
Q

The self’s ability to alter its behaviours and actions

A

Self-Regulation

51
Q

Abraham Maslow (Theory)

A

Theory of Self-Actualization

52
Q

Systematic arrangment of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused

A

Hierarchy of Needs

53
Q

The need to fulfill one’s highest potential, highest need in Maslow’s hierarchy

A

Self-Actualization

54
Q

Possible nature and number of responses is limited, systematic and emprical

A

Objective Tests

55
Q

Subject is presented with an ambiguous stimulus and ask to describe it, unlimited responses

A

Projective Tests

56
Q

Uniform procedures in place for administering and scoring tests

A

Standardization

57
Q

Established patterns of average responding used for scoring tests

A

Norms

58
Q

Widely used objective test, Hathaway and McKinley, 567 ‘I’ statements with true or false resonses, divided across 10 clinical scales

A

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)

59
Q

Objective test to assess the ‘big 5’ personality traits, 240 statements with responses being extent of agreement with each statement

A

NEO-PI-R (Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory Revised)

60
Q

Objective test based on analytic psychology, series of pairs of statements where one is selected, results are a series of 4 letters based on 4 personality dimensions

A

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

61
Q
  1. Extraversion-Introversion
  2. Sensing-Intuition
  3. Thinking-Feeling
  4. Judging-Percieving
A

4 Personality Dimension (Myers-Briggs)

62
Q

Objective test consisting of 187 multiple choice questions, based on Cattell’s 16 source traits theory

A

16 PF (16 Personality Factor)

63
Q

Projective test designed to reveal needs, consists of 20 cards containing pictures of people in ambiguous situations, subjects are asked to build a story around each card

A

TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

64
Q

Projective test in which subject is presented with 10 bilaterally symmetrical inkblots, subject asked to describe what the inkblot is depicting and which elements led to their conclusion

A

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Psych 102 (6 decks)

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