Chapter 12 Vocab Flashcards by Kora Mordy

An individual’s unique compilation of consistent behavioural traits

Personality

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations

Personality Trait

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

Factor Analysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cattell (Theory)

16 Source Traits Theory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hans Eysenck (Theory)

3-Factor Model

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Introversion-Extroversion
Neuroticism-Stability
Psychoticism

Eysenck’s 3-Factors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Robert McCrae and Paul Costa (Theory)

‘Big 5’ Trait Theory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extraversion
Neuroticism
Openness to Experience
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Honesty-Humility

Big Five +

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All the diverse theories that descended from the work of Sigmund Freud

Psychodynamic Theories

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Attempts to explain personality based on early childhood experiences, unconscious conflicts, and sexual and aggressive impulses

Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Psychic energy that fuels primitive sexual and aggressive impulses

Libido

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Demanding immediate gratification of urges

Pleasure Principle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle

Ego

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Delaying immediate gratification until the appropriate situation

Relaity Principle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Moral component of personality that incorporates social standards of right and wrong

Superego

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whatever on is aware of at a particular point in time

Conscious

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Material just beneath the surface of awareness that can be easily retrieved

Preconscious

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Material well below awareness, not easily retrievable, has great influence on behaviour

Unconscious

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious

3 Levels of Awareness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from anxiety caused by internal conflict

Defense Mechanism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leaves a mark on adult personality

Psychosexual Stages

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Stage
Genital Stage

5 Psychosexual Stages

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Failure to move forward from one psychosexual stage to another as expected, caused by excessive frustration or excessive gratification of urges at the particular stage

Fixation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Child manifests erotically tinged desires for their opposite-sex parent, accompanied by feelings of hostility toward their same sex parent

Oedipal Complex

Carl Jung (Theory)

Analytic Psychology

Jung, uncoscious consisting of the same components as Freud's unconscious

Personal Unconscious

Storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past

Collective Unconscious

Ancestral memories, emotinally charged images and thoughts with universal meaning (Ex: hero, the wise old man, the shadow, mother nature, God, etc.)

Archetypes

Alfred Adler (Theory)

Individual Psychology

Excessive feelings of inferiority

Inferiority Complex

How we choose to go about achieving goals throughout life

Style of Life

How we respond to and deal with anxiety and insecurity

Coping Style

Karen Horney (Theory)

Personality Coping Styles

1. Compliance Coping 2. Detached Coping 3. Aggressive Coping

3 Personality Coping Styles

Albert Bandura (Theory)

Social Cognitive Theory

The idea that internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behaviour all continually influence one another

Reciprocal Determinism

One's belief about one's ability to perform behaviours that should lead to expected outcomes

Self-Efficacy

1. Performance Accomplishment 2. Vicarious Experiences 3. Verbal Persuasion 4. Imaginal Experiences 5. Psychological States 6. Emotional States

6 Sorces of Self-Efficacy

Julian Rotter (Theory)

Locus of Control

Whether or not an individual believes that the events in their life are related to their own behaviour

Locus of Control

Belief that event of someone's life are directly linked to their behaviour

Internal Locus of Control

Belief that events of someone's life are not directly linked to their behaviour (ex: fate, destiny, God)

External Locus of Control

Carl Rogers (Theory)

Person Centered Theory/Therapy

Collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behaviour

Self-Concept

Degree of disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experience

Incongruence

Self-concept being relatively accurate

Congruence

Discrepancy between the actual self, the ought self, and the ideal self

Self-Discrepancy (Tory Giggins)

Belief about the type of person we have an obligation to be

The Ought Self

The self's ability to alter its behaviours and actions

Self-Regulation

Abraham Maslow (Theory)

Theory of Self-Actualization

Systematic arrangment of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused

Hierarchy of Needs

The need to fulfill one's highest potential, highest need in Maslow's hierarchy

Self-Actualization

Possible nature and number of responses is limited, systematic and emprical

Objective Tests

Subject is presented with an ambiguous stimulus and ask to describe it, unlimited responses

Projective Tests

Uniform procedures in place for administering and scoring tests

Standardization

Established patterns of average responding used for scoring tests

Norms

Widely used objective test, Hathaway and McKinley, 567 'I' statements with true or false resonses, divided across 10 clinical scales

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)

Objective test to assess the 'big 5' personality traits, 240 statements with responses being extent of agreement with each statement

NEO-PI-R (Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory Revised)

Objective test based on analytic psychology, series of pairs of statements where one is selected, results are a series of 4 letters based on 4 personality dimensions

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

1. Extraversion-Introversion 2. Sensing-Intuition 3. Thinking-Feeling 4. Judging-Percieving

4 Personality Dimension (Myers-Briggs)

Objective test consisting of 187 multiple choice questions, based on Cattell's 16 source traits theory

16 PF (16 Personality Factor)

Projective test designed to reveal needs, consists of 20 cards containing pictures of people in ambiguous situations, subjects are asked to build a story around each card

TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

Projective test in which subject is presented with 10 bilaterally symmetrical inkblots, subject asked to describe what the inkblot is depicting and which elements led to their conclusion

Rorschach Inkblot Test