Chapter 12: Prejudice Flashcards
What is PREJUDICE?
a hostile or negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group
What are STEREOTYPES?
a generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members; resistant to change based on new information
What is HOSTILE SEXISM?
negative stereotypes of women that cause outward derogatory behaviour
What is BENEVOLENT SEXISM?
positive stereotypes of women, viewing women as kinder, more fragile
What is DISCRIMINATION?
unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply bc of their membership in that group
What is MODERN RACISM?
acting unprejudiced outwardly but inwardly maintaining prejudiced attitudes
What is an IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST?
measures the speed of people’s positive and negative associations to a target group via word and image responses
What is IN-GROUP BIAS?
the tendency to favour members of our own groups and give them preference over people who belong to other groups
What is a META STEREOTYPE?
a person’s beliefs regarding the stereotype that out-group members hold about their own group; these beliefs can be a very important determinant of how people react in social situations
What is the ULTIMATE ATTRIBUTION ERROR?
our tendency to make dispositional attributions about an entire group of people
EX: if a man is successful on a task, observers attribute this to his ability; if a woman is successful on a task, observers attribute this to hard work
What is REALISTIC CONFLICT THEORY?
the theory that limited resources lead to conflict among groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination; whatever conflicts arise from simple in-group vs. out-group phenomenon will be magnified by real economic, political, or status competition
What is MUTUAL INTERDEPENDENCE?
a situation in which two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to both groups
What is INJUNCTIFICATION?
a motivated tendency to see the status quo as the most desirable state of affiars
Describe RIGHT WING AUTHORITARIANISM.
Authoritarian submission > obedience to authority figures in society
Authoritarian aggression > aimed at groups seen by legitimate targets by authority figures
Conventionalism > conformity to the rules and conventions established by authority figures
What is SOCIAL IDENTITY THREAT?
the apprehension experiences by members of a minority group that they might behave in a manner that confirms an existing cultural stereotype (formally known as “stereotype threat”)
What is CONTACT HYPOTHESIS?
repeated contact with members of an out-group can have a positive effect on stereotypes and prejudiceW
What are the 4 conditions of contact hypothesis’ success?
Both groups are of equal status
Common goal
Intergroup cooperation
Contact is supported by law or societal social norms
What is EXTENDED CONTACT HYPOTHESIS?
the mere knowledge that a member of one’s own group has a close relationship with a member of another group can reduce one’s prejudice toward that group; the more people in our group who have friendships with out-group members, the less prejudiced we are toward that group
What is the JIGSAW CLASSROOM?
a classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice bw children by placing them in small, desegregated groups and making each child dependent on the other children in the group to learn the course material and do well in the class
