Chapter 10: Prosocial Behaviour Flashcards
What is PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR?
any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person
What is ALTRUISM?
the desire to help another person or group, even if it involves a cost to the helper
What is KIN SELECTION?
the idea that behaviour that helps a genetic relative is favoured by natural selection
What is the NORM OF RECIPROCITY?
the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future
What is EMPATHY?
the ability to experience events and emotions the way another person experiences them
What is the EMPATHY-ALTRUISM HYPOTHESIS?
when we feel empathy for another person, we will attempt to help that person, we will attempt to help that person purely for altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain
What is an ALTRUISTIC PERSONALITY?
a personality trait characterized by qualities such as sympathy, empathy, and felt responsibility to help others across a wide variety of situations
What are IN-GROUPS and OUT-GROUPS?
In groups > the groups with which we identify as a member
Out groups > the groups with which we do not identify
What is the URBAN-OVERLOAD HYPOTHESIS?
because people living in cities are consistently being bombarded with stimulation, they keep to themselves to avoid being overloaded by it
What is the BYSTANDER EFFECT?
the finding that the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely ti is that any one of them will get involved with helping
What are the 5 stages of choosing to help in an ambiguous situation?
Noticing
Interpreting the event as an emergency
Assuming responsibility
Knowing how to help
Deciding to help
What is PLURALISTIC IGNORANCE?
the phenomenon whereby bystanders assume that nothing is wrong in an emergency bc no one else looks concerned
What is DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY?
each bystander’s sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses to an emergency or crises increases
