Chapter 12: Prejudice

Question 1

What is Modern Racism?

Answer 1

outwardly unpredicted while inwardly maintaining prejudiced attitudes

Question 2

What is a Microaggression

Answer 2

brief & common verbal;, behavioural, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights & insults toward marginalized people

Question 3

What is Implicit Prejudice?

Answer 3

negative attitudes toward a group of ppl for which the individual has little or no conscious awareness

Question 4

What is Prejudice?

Answer 4

a hostile or negative attitude toward ppl in a distinguishable group based solely on their membership in that group

Question 5

What is a Stereotype?

Answer 5

a generalization about a group of ppl in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members

Question 6

What is Discrimination?

Answer 6

unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply bc of their membership in that group

Question 7

What is In-group Bias?

Answer 7

the tendency to evaluate in-group members more positively than out-group members

Question 8

What are two reasons for In-group Bias?

Answer 8

Social Identity & Self-esteem

Question 9

What are two ways to reduce In-Group Bias?

Answer 9

focus on similarities & Self-affirmation Theory

Question 10

What is a Stereotype Threat?

Answer 10

the apprehension experienced by members of a minority group that they might behave in a manner that confirms an existing cultural stereotype

Question 11

What is the Two-step model of the Cognitive Processing of Stereotypes?

Question 12

What is a Meta-Stereotype?

Answer 12

a person’s beliefs regarding the stereotype that out-group members hold about their own group

Question 13

What are the 3 reasons why we activate stereotypes?

Answer 13

• to boost self-esteem
• inhibit activation of a stereotype so it doesn’t interfere w/ a self-esteem boost
• non-prejudiced individuals are less likely to automatically activate negative stereotypes

Question 14

What is the Ultimate Attribution Error?

Answer 14

our tendency to make dispositional attributions about an entire group of people

Question 15

What is the Realistic Conflict Theory?

Answer 15

theory that limited resources lead to conflict among groups & result in increased prejudice & discrimination

Question 16

What is Mutual Interdependence?

Answer 16

a situation in which two or more groups need each other & must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to both groups

Question 17

What is Injunctification?

Answer 17

a motivated tendency to see status quo as the most desirable state of affairs

Question 18

What are 5 ways to reduce Prejudice?

Answer 18

• institutional change
• individual change
• the Contact Hypothesis
• the Extended Contact Hypothesis
• perspective taking & empathy

Question 19

What is Stereotype Threat?

Answer 19

the fear experienced by members of a minority group that they might behave in a manner that confirms an existing cultural stereotype

Question 20

What is the Extended Contact Hypothesis?

Answer 20

the mere knowledge that a member of one’s own group has a close relationship w/
a member of another group can reduce one’s prejudice toward that group

Question 21

What are the 6 conditions for Contact to reduce prejudice?

Answer 21

1. mutual interdependence
2. a common goal
3. equal status
4. informal interpersonal contact
5. multiple contacts w multiple members
6. social norms that promote & support equality among groups