Chapter 11: Aggression Flashcards
What is Aggression?
intentional behavior aimed at causing either physical or psychological pain
What is Hostile Aggression?
an act of aggression stem from feelings of anger & at inflicting pain
What is Instrumental Aggression?
aggression as a means to soothe others than causing pain
What does Evolutionary Theory state about gender and aggression?
- aggression establishes dominance
- creates sexual jealousy
What is Honor Culture?
cultures that define male honor in terms of power, toughness, & the ability to protect one’s property
What are the 7 physiological influences on aggression?
- alcohol
- pain
- comfort
- heat
- humidity
- air pollution
- offensive odors
What are the Situational causes of aggression?
- frustration
- direct provocation
- social exclusion
- aggressive objects as cues
What is the Frustration-Aggression theory?
the theory that frustration – the perception that you’re being prevented from obtaining a goal – will increase the probability of an aggressive response
When is frustration more likely to cause aggression?
- frustration is great
- closeness to the goal
- frustration is unexpected
- Relative Deprivation
What is Relative Deprivation?
the perception that you or your group have less than you deserve, less than you have been led to expect, or less than ppl similar to you have
What is the Weapons Effect?
the tendency for the presence of firearms to increase the likelihood of aggression, especially when ppl are frustrated
Which theorist created the Social Learning Theory?
Alberta Bandura
What is the Social Learning Theory?
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing others & imitating them
What are 3 ways to reduce aggression?
- punishment
- Catharsis
- assertiveness
What is Catharsis?
the notion that “blowing off steam” relieves built-up aggressive energies, therefore reduces the likelihood of further aggressive behavior
What is Assertiveness?
standing up for yourself in interpersonal effective ways by exercising your personal rights & respecting the rights of others
What are 10 ways to reduce aggression?
- improve self-awareness
- actively enable your anger to dissipate
- always think of intention
- choose an appropriate time & place
- ask permission
- think about what you’re going to say
- try to avoid confrontational language
- be clear & focus on the issue
- monitor your NVC
- use the clear message format
What are the 5 aspects of Clear Message Format?
- Behavioral Description
- Interpretation Statement
- Feeling Statement
- Consequence Statement
- Intention Statement
What is Behavioral Description?
an account that only refers to what you can directly observe
What is an Interpretation Statement?
a description of the meaning you’ve attached to the other person’s behavior
What is a Feeling Statement?
an expression of a sender’s emotions that results from the interpretation of the event
What is a Consequence Statement?
explains the impact of the behavior you have described
What is an Intention Statement?
describes where you stand on an issue or what you want
