Chapter 12 (Pharmacology) Flashcards
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Treats Anxiety Disorders. (Common Prescription)
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Treats high blood pressure or cardiac conditions. (Common Prescription)
Aspirin
Anti-inflammatory agent and anti-fever agent; prevents platelets from clumping thereby drecreasing formation of new clots.
Indications: Relief of mild pain, headache, muscle aches, fever, CHEST PAIN OF CARDIAC ORIGIN
Contraindictions: Hypersensitivity; recent bleeding. Patients with chest pain must be able to chew.
Route: PO (Per Oral) 162 - 324 mg (Tablets are 81mg, two for children, 4 for adults)
Epinephrine
Stimulates nervous system causing bronchodilation and vasoconstriction.
Indications: Anaphylactic reaction (Exposure to allergen: Symptoms include a skin rash, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, and shock)
Contraindictions: hypothermia; hypertension (will increase).
Routes: IM (MY LEGGGG!) 0.3 mg Adult, 0.15mg Child (1:1000 ratio)
Naloxone (NARCAN)
Revereses respiratory depression after opiod overdose (acts as antagonist w/in opiate receptors of brain).
Indications: Opioid poisoning
Contraindictions: Hypersensitivity
Routes: IM, IN (Intra Musc, Intra Nasal)
Additional doses may be needed.
Adult Dosage = 2mg IN or IM
The 9 Rights of Medication
Right Patient: Make sure medication being taken is for fella not his wife.
Right Medication and Indication: No contraindictions to scenario, ensure partner looks as well.
Right Dose:
Right Route:
Right Time: Expiration date + analysis of medication
Right Education: Let the patient know what about to go down = sensations, pains, ending effect. Double check allergies if time.
Right to Refuse:
Right Response and Evaluation: Patient get better? O boi.
Right Documentation: Fancy letter to charge nurse <3
Enteral Medications
Absorbed by digestion system = slow effect.
SL
PR
PO
Parenteral Medications
Enters via skin or mucous membranes. Not through digestive track. FAST! YAH VOHL!
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitromist)
Action: Dilates Blood Vessels
Indication: Chest pain of cardiac origin (Angina). Albuterol = breathing origin of chest pain.
Contraindication: Hypotension (Systolic less than 100mmhg), Viagra (sildenafil) - 24 hours, Head injury
Route: SL tablet or spray
Adverse Effects: Headache, burning tounge, hypotension, nausea
Adult Dose: 0.3 - 0.4 mg SL; 0.4 mg spray (max dosage = 3)
Make sure ALS is on the way.
Must be prescribed.
Ipratropium (Albuterol)
Action: Stimulates Nervous System = Bronchodilation
Indications: Asthma, wheezing
Contraindictions: hypersensitivity, tachycardia, cardiac chest pain
Routes: Inhalation
Adverse Effects: Hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, restlessness
Interactions: Increases effects of other nervous system stimulants
Adult Dose: 1 - 2 inhalations then 5 min break till next dose
Concerns: Inhale all medication in one breath. Hold breath 5 seconds.
Oral Glucose
Action: Glucose!
Indications: Hypoglycemia
Contraindictions: Decreased level of conciousness, nausea, vomiting
Routes: PO
Adverse Effects: Nausea, Vomiting
Interactions: None
Adult Dose: 1/2 to 1 Tube
Concerns: Awake, control of airway, follow commands
Oxygen
Action: Oxygen!
Indications: Hypoxia.
Contraindictions: Rarely with COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
Routes: Inhalation
Adverse Effects: Decreased Respiratory COPD…Stimulated to breathe via hypoxic drive
Interactions: Combustion
Adult Dose: 28% - 100% O2
Concerns: FIER
Activated Charcoal
Activated charcoal is an adsorbent—that is, it binds to harmful chemicals that have been ingested. This binding effect delays digestion and absorption of the chemical by the body.
