Chapter 12- Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

Greg Mendel

Answer 1

Worked with garden pea plants in 1860s

Question 2

Monohybrid crosses

Answer 2

Cross to study only 2 variations of a single trait

Question 3

7 traits for pea plants

Answer 3

Flower color, seed color, seed texture, pod color, pod shape, flower position, plant height

Question 4

F1 generation

Answer 4

Offspring produced by crossing 2 true-breeding strains from P1 cross

Question 5

F1 plants only resembled

Answer 5

1 parent regardless of sex

Question 6

F2 generation

Answer 6

Offspring resulting from self-fertilzation of F1 plants

Question 7

Monohybrid cross ratio

Answer 7

3:1

Question 8

5 element model- 1st

Answer 8

Parents trasmit discrete “factors” (genes)

Question 9

5 element model- 2nd

Answer 9

Each individual recieves one copy of a gene from each parent

Question 10

5 element model- 3rd

Answer 10

Not all copies of a gene are identical

Question 11

Allele

Answer 11

Alternative form of a gene

Question 12

Homozygous

Answer 12

2 of the same allele

Question 13

Heterozygous

Answer 13

Different alleles

Question 14

5 element model- 4th

Answer 14

Alleles remain discrete (no blending) and passed on in gametes

Question 15

5 element model- 5th

Answer 15

Pressence of allele does not guarentee expression

Question 16

Dominant allele

Answer 16

Expressed

Question 17

Recessive allele

Answer 17

Hidden by dominant allele

Question 18

Genotype

Answer 18

Total set of alleles an individual contains

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

Physical apperance

Question 20

Physical basis for allele segregation is

Answer 20

The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis

Question 21

Reginald C. Punnett

Answer 21

Devised the approach to punnett squares

Question 22

Some human traits are controlled by a ____ ____

Answer 22

Single gene

Question 23

Autosomal dominant disorder

Answer 23

Child can be unaffected even when parents are heterozygous

Question 24

Dihybrid crosses

Answer 24

Examination of 2 seperate traits in a single cross

Question 25

Dihybrid cross ratio

Answer 25

9:3:3:1

Question 26

In dihybrid crosses, the alleles of each gene...

Answer 26

Assort independently

Question 27

Testcross

Answer 27

Used to determine the genotype of an individual with dominant phenotype

Question 28

In a testcross, the individual is crossed with

Answer 28

A homozygous recessive

Question 29

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 29

Occurs when mutiple genes are involved in controlling the phenotype of a trait

Question 30

Skin color

Answer 30

More than 100 genes products affect production and deposition of melanins

Question 31

Pleiotropy

Answer 31

Refers to an allele which has more than one effect on the phenotype

Question 32

Mutiple alleles

Answer 32

May be more than 2 alleles for a gene in a population

Question 33

Example of mutiple alleles

Answer 33

ABO blood types in humans

Question 34

Incomplete dominance

Answer 34

Heterozygote is intermediate in phenotype between the 2 homozygotes

Question 35

Example of incomplete dominance

Answer 35

Red flowers x white flowers = pink flowers

Question 36

Codominance

Answer 36

Heterozygote shoes some aspect of the phenotypes of both homozygotes

Question 37

Example of codominance

Answer 37

Type AB blood