Chapter 7: Photosynthesis

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

Process converting light energy into chemical energy

Question 2

Overall eqaution for Photosynthesis

Answer 2

6CO2 + 6H2O —— C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 3

Oxygenic photosynthesis

Answer 3

Photosynthesis producing oxygen, done by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria

Question 4

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

Answer 4

Photosynthesis not producing oxygen, performed by certain bacteria

Question 5

Chloroplast

Answer 5

Organelles where photosynthesis occurs in plan cells

Question 6

Thylakoid membrane

Answer 6

Membrane containing chlorophyll, site of light reactions

Question 7

Grana

Answer 7

Stacks of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts

Question 8

Stroma

Answer 8

Fluid surrounding thylakoids in chloroplasts

Question 9

Lumen

Answer 9

Space inside thylakoid membranes

Question 10

Light-dependent reactions

Answer 10

Reactions requiring light to produce ATP and NADPH

Question 11

Carbon fixation reactions

Answer 11

Light-independent reactions using ATP and NADPH to synthesize organic molecules

Question 12

Jan Baptista van Helmont

Answer 12

Showed plant mass increases not just from soil

Question 13

Joseph Priestly

Answer 13

Discovered plants add oxygen to the air

Question 14

Jan Ingenhousz

Answer 14

Proposed plants use sunlight to split CO2

Question 15

F.F. Blackman

Answer 15

Concluded photosynthesis is a multistage process

Question 16

C.B. van Niel

Answer 16

Studied purple sulfur bacteria’s non-oxygen photosynthesis

Question 17

Robin Hill

Answer 17

Demonstrated light energy can drive reduction reactions

Question 18

Photon

Answer 18

Particle of light acting as energy bundle

Question 19

Absorption spectrum

Answer 19

Range of light wavelengths absorbed by a molecule

Question 20

Chlorophyll a

Answer 20

Main pigment absorbing violet-blue and red light, only pig. that can directly convert light energy to chemical

Question 21

Chlorophyll b

Answer 21

Accessory pigment absorbing different light wavelengths (that a does not)

Question 22

Porphyrin ring

Answer 22

Complex structure in chlorophyll with alternating bonds

Question 23

Magnesium ion

Answer 23

Central atom in chlorophyll’s porphyrin ring

Question 24

Action spectrum

Answer 24

Effectivness of light wavelengths in promoting photosynthesis

Question 25

Carotenoids

Answer 25

Pigments with antioxidant properties, absorbing various photon energies

Question 26

Antenna complex

Answer 26

Hundreds of accessory pigment, Gathering pigments transferring energy to reaction center

Question 27

Reaction center

Answer 27

Contains chlorophyll, passing excited electrons out

Question 28

Chemiosmosis

Answer 28

Process using electrochemical gradients to synthesize ATP

Question 29

Calvin Cycle

Answer 29

Pathway using ATP and NADPH to fix carbon

Question 30

Rubisco

Answer 30

Enzyme catalyzing CO2 fixation in Calvin Cycle

Question 31

C3 Plants

Answer 31

Plants using only Calvin Cycle for carbon fixation

Question 32

C4 Plants

Answer 32

Plants using C4 pathway for efficient carbon fixation

Question 33

CAM Plants

Answer 33

Plants fixing CO2 at night to reduce water loss

Question 34

Photoelectric effect

Answer 34

Removal of an electron from a molecule by light

Question 35

When photon strikes a molecule energy is either...

Answer 35

Lost as heat, or absorbed by electrons of the molecule

Question 37

Cyclic phtophosphorylation

Answer 37

- Sulfur bacteria, only one photosystem used - Generate ATP via electron transport - Etc (look at slides)

Question 38

Photosystem I

Answer 38

P700, functions like sulfur bacteria

Question 39

Photosystem II

Answer 39

P680, functions like non-sulfur bacteria. Generates oxidation potential high enough to oxidze water

Question 40

Photosystems working together

Answer 40

Carry out a noncyclic transfer of electrons used to gen. ATP and NADPH

Question 41

Noncyclic photophosphorylation

Answer 41

Plants used photosystems II and I to produce ATP and NADPH (look at slides)

Question 42

Chemiosmosis - chloroplasts

Answer 42

Has ATP synthase enzymes in thyl. membrane

Question 43

Carbon fixation- Calvin Cycle

Answer 43

Build carb cells- - Energy (ATP from light-dependent, cyclic + noncyclic photo., drives enedergonic) - Reduction potential (NADPH from photosystem I, source of protons and energetic electrons)

Question 44

Phases of Calvin Cycle

Answer 44

1. Carbon fixation 2. Reduction 3. Regenration of RUBP (see slide 45)

Question 45

Output Calvin Cycle

Answer 45

G3P- 3 carbon sugar (see slide 47)

Question 46

Rubisco enzymatic activities

Answer 46

- Carboxylation - Photorespiration (see slide 54)