Chapter 12 - Learners With Exceptionalities Flashcards

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0
Q

Disability

A

The limitation of a function, such as cognitive processing or physical or sensory abilities.

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1
Q

Learners With Exceptionalities

A

Any individuals whose physical, mental, or behavioral performance is so different from the norm - either higher or lower - that additional services are needed to meet the individuals’ needs.

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2
Q

Handicap

A

A condition imposed on a person with disabilities by society, the physical environment, or the person’s attitude.

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3
Q

Mental Retardation

A

A condition, usually present at birth, that results in below-average intellectual skills and poor adaptive behavior.

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4
Q

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A

An intelligence test score that should be near 100 for people of average intelligence.

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5
Q

Learning Disabilities (LD)

A

Disorders that impede academic progress of people who are not mentally retarded or emotionally disturbed.

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6
Q

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A

A disorder characterized by difficulties maintaining attention because of a limited ability to concentrate; includes impulsive actions and hyperactive behavior.

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7
Q

Speech Disorders

A

Oral articulation problems, occurring most frequently among children in the early elementary school grades.

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8
Q

Language Disorders

A

Impairments in one’s ability to understand language or to express ideas in one’s native language.

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9
Q

Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

A

Exceptionalities characterized by problems with learning, interpersonal relationships, and control of feelings and behavior.

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10
Q

Conduct Disorders

A

Socioemotional and behavioral disorders that are indicated in individuals who, for example, are chronically disobedient or disruptive.

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11
Q

Autism

A

A category of disability that significantly affects social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and educational performance.

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12
Q

Sensory Impairments

A

Problems with the ability to receive information through the body’s senses.

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13
Q

Vision Loss

A

Degree of uncorrectable inability to see well.

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14
Q

Hearing Disabilities

A

Degree of deafness; uncorrectable inability to hear well.

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15
Q

Giftedness

A

Exceptional intellectual ability, creativity, or talent.

16
Q

Acceleration Programs

A

Rapid promotion through advanced studies for students who are gifted or talented.

17
Q

Enrichment Programs

A

Programs in which assignments or activities are designed to broaden or deepen the knowledge of students who master classroom lessons quickly.

18
Q

Special Education

A

Programs that address the needs of students with mental, emotional, or physical disabilities.

19
Q

Public Law 94-142

A

Federal law enacted in 1975 requiring provision of special-education services to eligible students.

20
Q

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

A

P.L. 101-476, a federal law enacted in 1990 that changed the name of P.L. 94-142 and broadened services to adolescents with diabilities.

21
Q

Least Restrictive Environment

A

Provision in IDEA that requires students with disabilities to be educated alongside peers without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate.

22
Q

Mainstreaming or Inclusion

A

The temporal, instructional, and social integration of eligible children having exceptionalities with peers who do not have exceptionalities based on an ongoing, individually determined educational planning and programming process.

23
Q

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

A

A program tailored to the needs of a learner with exceptionalities.

24
Q

Collaboration

A

Process in which professionals work cooperatively to provide educational services.

25
Q

Response to Intervention

A

Policies in which struggling children are given intensive assistance and evaluated for possible special-education services only if they fail to respond.

26
Q

Full Inclusion

A

Arrangement whereby students who have disabilities or are at risk receive all their instruction in a general education setting; support services are brought to the student.