Chapter 1 Flashcards
Pedagogy
The study of teaching and learning with applications to the instructional process.
Educational Psychology
The study of learning and teaching.
Intentionality
Doing things for a purpose; teachers who use intentionality plan their actions based on the outcomes they want to achieve.
Teacher Efficacy
The degree to which teachers feel that their own efforts determine the success of their students.
Critical Thinking
Evaluation of conclusions through logical and systematic examination of the problem, the evidence, and the solution.
Principle
Explanation of the relationship between factors, such as the effects of alternative grading systems on student motivation.
Theory
A set of principles that explains and relates certain phenomena.
Treatment
A special program that is the subject of an experiment.
Variable
Something that can have more than one value.
Experiment
Procedure used to test the effect of a treatment.
Random Assignment
Selection by chance into different treatment groups; intended to ensure equivalence of the groups.
Laboratory Experiment
Experiment in which conditions are highly controlled.
Internal Validity
The degree to which an experiment’s results can be attributed to the treatment in question rather than other factors.
Randomized Field Experiment
Experiment conducted under realistic conditions in which individuals are assigned by chance to receive different practical treatments or programs.
Experimental Group
Group that receives treatment during an experiment.
Control Group
Group that receives no special treatment during an experiment.
External Validity
Degree to which results of an experiment can be applied to real-life situations.
Single-Case Experiment
Experiment that studies a treatment’s effect on one person or one group by contrasting behavior before, during, and after application of the treatment.
Correlational Study
Research into the relationships between variables as they naturally occur.
Negative Correlation
Relationship in which high levels of one variable correspond to low levels of another.
Uncorrelated Variables
Variables for which there is no relationship between levels of one compared to another.
Descriptive Research
Research study aimed at identifying and gathering detailed information about a topic of interest.
Action Research
Research carried out by educators in their own classrooms or schools.
