Chapter 12 Key terms Flashcards
Adultification
The process by which a child or adolescent prematurely takes on adult roles and responsibilities
Identity Achievement
In Marcia’s theory, the Identity status by a person who has been through a crisis and reached a commitment to ideological or occupational goals
Gender Role Identity
gender-related aspects of the psychological self
Identity vs role confusion
In Erikson’s theory the stage during which adolescents attain a sense of who they are
moratorium
In Marcia’s theory the identity status of a person who is in a crisis but has made no commitment
Identity Diffusion
In Marcia’s theory the identity status of a person who is not in the midst of a crisis and has made no commitment
Foreclosure
In Marcia’s theory the identity status of a person who has made a commitment without having gone through a crisis; the person has simply accepted a parentally or culturally defined commitment
Conduct Disorder
A psychological disorder in which the social and/ or academic functioning of children and youth is impaired by patterns of antisocial behaviour that include bullying, destruction of property, theft, deceitfulness, and/or violations of societal rules
Criminality
Antisocial behaviour that includes law breaking
Post-Conventional Morality
In Kohlberg’s Theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgements are based on emergence of personal authority- an integration of individual rights and the needs of society.
Conventional Morality
In Kohlberg’s theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgments are based on rules or norms of a group to which a person belongs
Ethnic Identity
A sense of belonging to an ethnic group
identity crisis
Erikson’s term for the psychological state of emotional turmoil that arises when an adolescent’s sense of self becomes “unglued” so that a new, more mature sense of self can be achieved
Identity
an understanding of one’s unique characteristics and how they have been, are, and will be manifested across ages, situations, and social roles
cyberbullying
A form of aggression in which messages are sent by way of digital devices like smartphones, computers, and tablets to intentionally hurt or embarrass others
crowd
a combination of cliques, which includes both males and females
preconventional morality
In Kohlberg’s theory, the level of moral reasoning in which judgments are based on authorities outside the self- usually parents, consequences determine the rightness or wrongness of an action
Genital Stage
In Freud’s theory, the period during which people reach psychosexual maturity
role-taking
The ability to look at a situation from another person’s perspective
clique
four to six young people who appear to be strongly attached to one another
two key parts of identity formation in Adolescence
crisis and commitment
factors that act on a teens self esteem
personal characteristics, relationships with significant others, lifestyle factors, and achievements
Androgynous individual
see themselves as having both masculine and feminine traits
undifferentiated individuals
describe themselves as lacking both masculine and feminine traits
individual identity
what one believes sets them apart from others
ethnic identity
includes self-identification as a member of their specific group, commitment to that group and its values and attitudes, and attitudes about the group to which they belong
formation of ethnic identity
younger children don’t think that much about it, then start to become aware of differences in attitudes and beliefs compared to larger culture, finally may develop a secure sense of membership and pride in and commitment to their ethnic group
Three multicultural identity configurations
a person identifies with inly one cultural group, a person has multiple cultural identities that are separated into compartments within the self, a person cohesively connects and reconciles one’s multiple cultural identities within oneself
What determines the stage or level of a person’s moral judgement?
not the specific moral choice but the form of reasoning used to justify that choice
what matters most in moral reasoning?
the decline of egocentrism
Empathy
the ability to identify with others’ emotions, it is both a cause and consequence of moral development
Moral reasoning of youth who commit offences
moral reasoning appears to be behind peers because of deficits in role-taking
