Chapter 11 Key Terms

Question 1

Personal Fable

Answer 1

The belief that the events of one’s life are controlled by a mentally constructed autobiography

Question 2

Systematic problem-solving

Answer 2

The process of finding a solution to a problem by testing single factors

Question 3

Puberty

Answer 3

Collective term for the physical changes that culminate in sexual maturity

Question 4

Secondary sex Characteristics

Answer 4

Body parts such as breasts in females and pubic hair in both sexes

Question 5

Programme for International Student assessment (PISA)

Answer 5

A worldwide assessment of how well 15-year-olds can apply their academic ability to solve real-life problems

Question 6

Primary Sex Characteristics

Answer 6

The sex organs: Ovaries, uterus, and vagina in the female; testes and penis in the male

Question 7

Transgendered

Answer 7

A person whose psychological gender is the opposite of his or her biological sex

Question 8

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Answer 8

An infection of the female reproductive tract that may result from a sexually transmitted disease and can lead to infertility

Question 9

Task Goals

Answer 9

Goals based on a desire for self-improvement

Question 10

Ability Goals

Answer 10

Goals based on a desire to be superior to others

Question 11

Secular Trend

Answer 11

The decline in average age of menarche, along with changes such as an increase in average height for both children and adults, that happened between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries in Western countries and occurs in developing nations when nutrition and health improve

Question 12

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 12

An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation

Question 13

Formal operational stage

Answer 13

The fourth of Piaget’s stages, during which adolescents learn to reason logically about abstract concepts

Question 14

Adolescence

Answer 14

The transitional period between childhood and adulthood

Question 15

Imaginary Audience

Answer 15

An internalized set of behavioural standards usually derived from a teenager’s peer group

Question 16

Hypothetical-Deductive reasoning

Answer 16

The ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises

Question 17

Bulimia

Answer 17

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging

Question 18

Menarche

Answer 18

The beginning of the menstrual cycle

Question 18

Pituitary Gland

Answer 18

Gland that triggers other glans to release hormones

Question 19

Adrenal Androgen

Answer 19

responsible for some changes at puberty, particularly the development of secondary sex characteristics in girls

Question 20

Major differences between boy and girls in adolescence

Answer 20

show signs of secondary ex characteristics 1-2 years earlier than boys, growth spurt typically comes earlier in girls, gain majority of height by 16 girls, boys grow 18-20 yrs, muscle fibres in boys are thicker, fat proportion to muscle rises in females and decreases in males, greater capacity for sustained physical effort in both but more so in boys

Question 21

why increase in risky behaviours?

Answer 21

help gain peer acceptance and autonomy, lack of maturity in the prefrontal cortex and other brain structures

Question 22

Risk factors for Eating Disorders

Answer 22

discrepancy between the person’s internal image of desirable body and her or his perception of their own body, emphasis on thinness as attractive characteristic, General tendency towards distorted thinking and need for control.

Question 23

Three other contributing factors to suicide

Answer 23

some triggering stressful event, an altered mental state, opportunity presents itself

Question 24

Naïve Idealism

Answer 24

a mental construct of an ideal world as compared to the real world

Question 25

Adolescent egocentrism

Answer 25

the belief that one’s thoughts beliefs, and feelings are unique

Question 26

Task Goals

Answer 26

based on personal standards and a desire to become more competent, personal control more positive attitude toward school

Question 27

Ability Goals

Answer 27

define success in competitive terms, students may adopt relative standards- good means beating someone else, more likely than others to attribute success and failure to force outside themselves