Chapter 12: gender Flashcards
Sex
male or female physical and biological characteristics of the body
Gender
all the physical, cognitive, and behavioral traits that characterize people of one sex
Gender role
The social expectations for each sex within a particular culture
Gender concept
The understanding that a person’s sex is a permanent feature and cannot be altered through changes in surface features like hair or clothing
Gender identity
A person’s intrinsic sense of self as male, female, or an alternate gender
Sex-typed behavior
Behavior that matches the gender-role expectations of a culture
Gender typing
Acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
Gender variance
The behaviors, appearance, or identity of people who do not conform to culturally defined norms for their assigned gender
Cisgender
A person whose sense of personal identity and gender corresponds with their birth sex
Transgender
An adjective to describe individuals with an affirmed gender identity different than their physical sex characteristics
Transgender can also be used to describe people whose gender identity, expression, or behaviors cross or transcend culturally defined categories of gender
Sexual orientation
Sexual orientation is the personal quality inclining persons to be romantically or physically attracted to persons of the same sex, opposite sex, both sexes, or neither sex
Sexual orientation is distinct from gender identity and gender expression
Non-binary
Gender exists along a spectrum and cannot be described as male and female
Hypothesis 1: Gender identity is determined by DNA or genetic sex (XX or XY)
Structural and functional brain differences
Hormone differences/exposure (post-puberty)
Hypothesis 2: Gender identity is determined by socialization (social experiences with gender)
Psychodynamic Theory
Social Role Theory
Social Learning Theory
Psychodynamic theory
Gender behavior and gender identity are result of resolution of Oedipal/Electra complex
Acceptance of and identification with the same-sex parent
