Chapter 10 part 2: attachment

Question 1

Attachment

Answer 1

An emotional tie to a specific person that endures across time and space

Question 1

Ethological Attachment Theory: John
Bowlby

Answer 1

Infant’s clinging to mother has biological basis: ensures survival

Caregiver bonds to child, child bonds to adult

Question 2

Bowlby’s Four Stages of Attachment

Answer 2

• Orientation without discrimination
  2-3 months; positive response to any caring adult
• Orientation with discrimination
  2-6 months; show preference for caregivers
• Safe-base attachment
  6 mo.-3 yrs; actively seek nearness to caregivers
• Goal-corrected partnerships
  3 yrs and up; reciprocal, adapting relationship with caregiver

Question 3

Harry Harlow’s Rhesus Monkeys

Answer 3

Critical component of attachment
formation = CONTACT COMFORT

Comfortable feeling that infants gain by clinging to a soft attachment figure

Question 4

Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation

Answer 4

Stranger anxiety
Separation anxiety

Question 5

Secure attachment

Answer 5

Healthy attachment

Question 6

Insecure-Avoidant

Answer 6

Does not prefer caregiver over others

Infant is calm when mother leaves

Seems indifferent to her return (expects to be abandoned)

Question 7

Insecure-Resistant (or “Ambivalent”)

Answer 7

Clingy, but not comforted

Very upset when mother leaves

When she returns, baby wants comfort, but is angry and rejecting, and can’t be soothed

Question 8

Insecure-Disorganized (“Disoriented”)

Answer 8

Infant is confused in the Strange Situation
May be calm, anxious, or angry

Question 9

Caregivers of securely attached babies are:

Answer 9

Responsive
Affectionate and warm

Question 10

Caregivers of ambivalent or resistant babies are:

Answer 10

Inconsistent, unreliable
Unresponsive, insensitive to needs

Question 11

Caregivers of avoidant babies are:

Answer 11

Emotionally unavailable, rejecting, neglectful, indifferent
Possibly overbearing, overstimulating

Question 12

Caregivers of disorganized babies are:

Answer 12

Abusive and negative
Instrusive
Disorganized
Frightening and angry

Question 13

Daycare and attachment

Answer 13

More than 20 hrs per week in daycare can increase risk of
insecure attachment, HOWEVER, this only occurs when combined with insensitive or unresponsive parenting

Question 14

Fathers and attachment

Answer 14

Infants are just as likely to develop secure attachments with fathers as with mothers