Chapter 12 - Biopharmaceutical Drug Development Flashcards
Where are biopharmaceuticals manufactured?
They are protien-based drugs that are produced in living cells in large reaction vessels or from animal serum.
What three users are they developed for?
Prophylactic (preventive, as in vaccines), therapeutic (antibodies), and replacement therapy (hormones, human growth factors).
What is another name for biopharmaceuticals?
Biologics or large molecule drugs.
After the initial vaccination, booster doses may be needed to maximize the immunological effects. True or false?
True.
In what ways are traditional vaccines prepared?
Attenuated vaccines, killed or inactivated vaccines, and toxoids.
What are the advantages and disadvantages to attenuated vaccines?
A = Less expensive to prepare, elicit desired immunological response, and single dose is sufficient. D = Potentially revert to virulence and have a limited shelf life.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of killed or inactivated vaccines?
A = Non-reversal to virulence and a relatively stable shelf life. D = Higher production costs, more control required, and a need for multiple boosters.
What is an adjuvant?
Substance used in formulating vaccines to enhance the immune response - aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phospate, and calcium phospate.
How many people die from Malaria annually?
1.5 - 3.5 million people.
What are the types of white blood cells?
Granulocytes and agranulocytes.
There are more white blood cells than red blood cells?
False.
What are steroids?
Intercellular messengers - steroids, which control the level of salts and water excreted by the kidneys, polypeptides (insulin and endorphins), and amino acid derivatives (epinephrine and adrenaline).
What was insulin originally obtained from?
Porcine and bovine extracts.
What are the two types of gene therapy?
In vitro (bad tissues removed, good genes inserted in vectors, and modified cells returned) and in situ (genes encapsulated by vectors injected directly into affected tissues).
What are the types of stem cells?
Totipotent (can become every cell type, even another individual), pluripotent (become specialized stem cells), mulitpotent cells (have the potential to produce specialized cells).
