Chapter 12 Flashcards
A young minister converted by the evangelical preacher Charles G. Finney, _____ helped to create a mass constituency for abolitionism by training speakers and publishing pamphlets
Theodore Weld
Abby Kelley:
Demonstrated the interconnectedness of nineteenth-century reform movements
Abolitionists challenged stereotypes about African-Americans by:
Countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species
About ____ reform communities, often called utopian communities, were established in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century.
100
According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans?
Voluntary associations
According to the mid-nineteenth-century physicians and racial theorists Josiah Nott and George Gliddon:
There was a hierarchy of races, with blacks forming a separate species between whites and chimpanzees
All of the following are true of Margaret Fuller EXCEPT:
She was the first feminist leader educated at a major college
Although it only lasted a few years, the New Harmony community:
Influenced education reformers and women’s rights advocates
Angelina and Sarah Grimke:
Critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women
b. mental health treatment
Temperance
Before the Civil War, who came to believe that the U.S. Constitution did not provide national protection to the institution of slavery?
Frederick Douglass
Brook Farm:
Was founded by New England transcendentalists
Burned-over districts were:
In New York and Ohio, where intense revivals occurred
By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had:
Encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol
Common schools:
Existed in every northern state by the time of the Civil War
Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the:
Construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane
Frederick Douglass wrote, “When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, _____ will occupy a large space in its pages.”
Women
Freedom’s Journal:
Was the first black-run newspaper in the United States
The death of Elijah Lovejoy in 1837:
Convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with white Americans’ liberties
Horace Mann believed that public schools would do all of the following EXCEPT:
Help eliminate racial discrimination
How did reformers reconcile their desire to create moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom?
They argued that too many people were “slaves” to various sins and that freeing them from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically
How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery efforts?
The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately
How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation’s Revolutionary heritage?
They seized on the preamble to the Declaration of Independence as an attack against slavery
Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on the premise that America:
Was fundamentally a white society
Members of which of the following groups were generally opposed to the temperance movement?
Catholics
The American Tract Society was focused on:
Religion
The antislavery poet John Greenleaf Whittier compared reformer Abby Kelley to:
Helen of Troy, who sowed the seeds of male destruction
The colonization of freed U.S. slaves to Africa:
Prompted the adamant opposition of most free African-Americans
The first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women:
Were the Grimke sisters
The frontispiece of the 1848 edition of David Walker’s book depicts a black figure receiving “liberty” and “justice” from:
Heaven
The gag rule:
Prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions
The North Carolina- born free black whose An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World won widespread attention was:
David Walker
The Oneida community:
Controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce
The organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840, largely over:
A dispute concerning the proper role of women in antislavery work
The proliferation of new institutions such as poorhouses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated the:
Tension between liberation and control in the era’s reform movements
The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War:
Set out to reorganized society on a cooperative basis
The role of African-Americans in the abolitionist movement:
Included helping to finance William Lloyd Garrison’s newspaper
The Sseneca Falls Convention’s Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after the
Declaration of Independence
The Seneca Falls Convention’s Declaration of Sentiments
Condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women
The _____ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement
Liberty Party
Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans
Saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property
What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?
That they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society
What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglass?
The hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery
What was a “bloomer” in the 1850s?
A feminist style of dress
Which book was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson?
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Which of the following correctly pairs the reform community with the state in which it was located?
New Harmony: Indiana
Which state enacted a far-reaching law allowing married women to sign contracts and buy and sell property?
New York
Which statement about Shakers is FALSE?
They practiced “complex marriage” and publicly recorded sexual relations
Who founded the Shakers?
Ann Lee
William Lloyd Garrison argued in Thoughts on African Colonization that:
Blacks were not “strangers” in America to be shipped abroad, but should be recognized as a permanent part of American society
William Lloyd Garrison published an abolitionist newspaper called:
The Liberator
William Lloyd Garrison:
Suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of an connection to slavery
