Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Social psychology

A

Examines how people affect one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intrapersonal topics

A

Emotions, attitudes, the self, social cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Social cognition

A

The ways in which we think about ourselves and others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Interpersonal topics

A

Helping behavior, aggression, prejudice, discrimination, attraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Situationist

A

The view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dispositionist

A

Our behavior is determined by internal factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Internal factor

A

An attribute of a person and includes personality traits and temperament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Assume the behavior of another person is a trait and underestimate the power of the situation on behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Halo effect

A

The tendency to let the overall impression of an individual color the way in which we feel about their character

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Individualistic culture

A

A culture that focuses on individual achievement and autonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Collectivistic culture

A

Focuses on communal relationships with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Actor-observer bias

A

The phenomenon of attributing other people’s behavior to internal factors while attributing our own behavior to situational forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Attribution

A

A belief about the cause of a result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Tendency to explain our successes as due to dispositional characteristics but to explain our failures as due to situational factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Just-world hypothesis

A

The belief that people get the outcomes they deserve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Social role

A

Pattern of behavior expected of a person in a given setting or group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Social norm

A

A group’s expectation of what is appropriate and acceptable behavior for its members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Script

A

A person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Attitude

A

Our evaluation of a person, idea, or object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Model of attribution

A

Locus of control (internal vs external)
Stability (stable vs unstable)
Controllability (controllable vs uncontrollable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Three components of an attitude

A

Affective component (feeling)
Behavioral component (effect of attitude on behavior)
Cognitive component (belief and knowledge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Justification of effort

A

We value goals and achievements that we put a lot of effort into

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Persuasion

A

The process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What influences the persuasiveness of a message?
Certain features of the source, content, and characteristics of the audience
26
What features of the source of the persuasive message affect its influence?
Credibility and physical attractiveness of the speaker
27
What features of the persuasive message affect its influence?
Subtlety (important but not obvious), sidedness (more than one side), timing, and whether both sides are presented
28
What features of the audience affect the influence of a persuasive message?
Attention, intelligence, and self-esteem
29
Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion
Considers features of the message (source, content, audience) to determine when attitude change will occur. Two main routes: central and peripheral.
30
Central route
Logic driven and uses data and facts to convine people of an argument’s worthiness.
31
When is the central route the most effective?
Target audience is analytical and willing to engage in processing the information
32
Peripheral route
Relies on association with positive characteristics to deliver the message (ie, celebrities wearing clothing)
33
Foot-in-the-door technique
Persuader gets a person to agree to bestow a small favor only to later request a larger favor
34
Confederate
A person who is aware of the experiment and works for the researcher
35
Conformity
A change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if they disagree
36
Asch effect
Influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment
37
What factors make a person more likely to yield to group pressure?
-Larger group -Absence of another dissenter -responses are made public
38
Compliance
Going along with a request or demand, even in disagreement
39
Normative social influence
Conform to group norms to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group
40
Informational social influence
Conform in the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information
41
Obedience
The change of an individual’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure
42
Groupthink
The modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with that they believe is the group consensus
43
Group polarization
Strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group
44
Social traps
Individuals or groups of individuals behave in ways that are not in their best interest and may have negative long-term consequences
45
Social loafing
A reduction in individual output on tasks where contributions are pooled
46
Deindividuation
A person may feel a sense of anonymity and a reduction in accountability and sense of self among others
47
Prejudice (Affective)
A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based on one’s membership in a particular social group
48
Stereotype (cognitive)
A specific belief or assumption about individuals based solely on their membership in a group
49
Discrimination (behavior)
Negative action toward an individual as a result of one’s membership in a particular group
50
Racism
Prejudice and discrimination against an individual based solely on one’s membership in a specific racial group
51
Sexism
Prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based on their sex
52
Ageism
Judgements and expectations about people based on their age
53
Homophobia
Prejudice and discrimination of individuals based on sexual orientation
54
Self-fulfilling prophecy
An expectation held by a person that alters their behavior in a way that makes it true
55
Scapegoating
Blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal
56
Aggression
Seeking to cause harm or pain to another person
57
Hostile aggression
Feelings of anger with intent to cause pain
58
Instrumental aggression
Achieving a goal, but not necessary involving intent to cause pain
59
Frustration aggression theory
When humans are prevented from achieving an important goal, they become frustrated and aggressive
60
Bullying
Repeated negative treatment of another person over time
61
Cyber bullying
Repeated behavior intended to cause psychological or emotional harm
62
Bystander effect
A phenomenon in which a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress
63
Diffusion of responsibility
The tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group
64
Pro social behavior
Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people
65
Altruism
A person’s desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping
66
Homophily
The tendency for people to form social networks with others who are similar
67
Reciprocity
The give and take in relationships
68
Self-disclosure
Sharing of personal information
69
Sternberg’s triangular theory of love
Intimacy (sharing details and intimate thoughts and emotions), passion (physical attraction), commitment (standing by a person)
70
Consummate love
A relationship with intimacy, passion, and commitment
71
Liking
Intimacy without passion or commitment
72
Infatuation
Passion without intimacy or commitment
73
Empty love
Commitment without intimacy or passion
74
Companionate love
Close friendships and family relationships; intimacy and commitment without passion
75
Romantic love
Passion and intimacy, no commitment
76
Fatuous love
Passion and commitment without intimacy
77
Social exchange theory
Keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others
78

Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions