chapter 12 Flashcards
define AID
assistance given to countries or communities in the event of a crisis
what are the 3 characteristics of AID?
emergency (humanitarian)
bilateral
multilateral
define emergency AID
immediate assistance is given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering during and after emergencies such as conflict or natural disasters
what is the purpose of emergency AID?
to improve short-term hwb and to address immediate needs and keep people alive
what is an example of emergency aid?
providing food, healthcare and clothing following a natural disaster
examples of how emergency AID promotes hwb
provides necessary needs such as clean water, food, and shelter which aims to protect people from communicable diseases which promote physical hwb
example how emergency aid promotes human development
keeps people alive to support further actions to promote longer-term human
define bilateral aid
the provision of aid from the government of another country
what is the purpose of bilateral aid
to help reduce poverty and bring about long-term sustainable development by helping governments of recipient countries to strengthen them and eventually become self-sufficient
what is an example of bilateral aid
support large infrastructure projects
how bilateral aid promotes hwb
seeks to reduce poverty which means money is available to buy food, shelter, and healthcare which protects people from communicable diseases and promotes physical hwb
how does bilateral aid promote human development?
with reduced poverty people are more likely to have the resources to achieve a decent standard of living
what is the problem with bilateral aid?
this type of aid can attract criticism because the goods and services being provided may be from companies of the donating country
define multilateral aid
aid provided through an international organization such as the world bank or WHO. These organizations pool donations from many countries and use these to support countries in need
what is the purpose of multilateral aid
to contribute to the achievement of equity in hwb and to promote human development
what is an example of multilateral aid
provides emergency relief through programs such as the world food program
how does multilateral promote hwb
more secure agriculture and food supplies will reduce malnutrition and hunger which promotes physical hwb
how does multilateral promote human development
when people are not forced to relocate, communities and villages are retained and people are more empowered to participate in community and political life
what are non-government organizations
non-profit organizations work to promote hwb and human development and they operate separately from governments
Non-government organization aid
take different approaches to aid, which can include specific projects or programs and education
NGO characteristics
bring strong connections to local communities
can access areas that others don’t reach
NGO aid Advantage 1
focuses on small community-based projects targeted to the specific needs of the community
NGO aid advantage 2
have a comprehensive knowledge of poverty and its causes at a local community level
NGO aid advantage 3
can often access areas that other forms of aid is unable to reach
examples of the type of aid NGOs provide
funding for programs like immunization programs
trained personnel
what are the two components of the Australian government aid program?
1) the partnerships it is involved the 5 main groups
2) its 6 priorities which guide the initiative that we implement
private sector
part of a countries economic system that is run by individuals and companies rather then the government
how does aus govs aid program promote human dev by reducing povery in low/ middle income countries
focuses on private sector development and to allow companies/individuals to grow their business in the hopes of reducing poverty which will have a positive impact on human development
what is DFAT and what does it do
provides official development assistance to several countries
provides financial assistance to low/middle-income countries
focus on the Pacific region
bilateral partnership with aus gov
the effectiveness of aus aid is increased through bilateral partnerships with other countries where experience and resources can be combined
multilateral partnership with aus gov
organisations including the world bank and WHO extend the reach of aus aid program. Their large size enable to undertake large projects on that aus aids couldn’t do by themselves
3/6 priorities of the aus aid programs
1) infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness
2) building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection
3) gender equality and empowering woman and girls
4, 5, 6 priorities of the aus aid programs
4) agriculture, fisheries and water
5) education and health
6) effective governance: policies, institutions and function economies
infrastructure, trade facilitation, land international competitiveness
-better roads and transport
-clean water
- trade markers
-Infrastructure also helps families to access healthcare when needed and helps children attend school which improves hwb
Australia helped local people to develop expertise in global trade policy and practice
education and health
education and health are investments that reduce poverty
education
educated women are more likely to send their children to school helping them gain skills
improved teacher training increases opportunities for girls to learn
health
access to healthcare systems leads to healthier adults and children free od disease
gender equality and empowering women and girls
women and girls lack some opportunities as man but empowering women and girls will benefit the community as higher incomes and greater education
gender equality and empowering women and girls 3 principles
enhancing women’s voices in decision-making leadership and peace building
ending violence against women and girls
building resilience, humanitarian assistance disease risk reduction and social protection
social protection
programs that address risks of eg financial grants and food transfers
risk reduction
working with Asia-specific countries to develop tools that model natural disasters food to provide info for better risk management structures
humanitarian
focuses on women children and disabled
working with the World Food Program during times of crisis
effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies
governance
support anti-corruption initiative
support general elections
policies
support the development of tax policies and admin processes
institution
provides the government with advice on financial management
functioning economies
support countries to improve budgets and meet debts
agriculture fisheries and water
we have to prioritize this area as food demand is going to rise and we need sustainability to ensure food security and access to water
industry provides job therefore earning income
help achieve gender equality by reducing the time women have to spend collecting water
DFAT summary
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
DFAT does this by focusing on achieving two development outcomes:
strengthening private sector development
enabling human development.
