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Clinical Psychology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Free association,as practiced by Freud,

A) involved patients responding to carefully chosen stimulus words that Freud said aloud.
B) involved patients responding to ink blots that Freud presented to them.
C) involved Freud asking the patient to simply talk, without censorship, about whatever came to mind.
D) none of the above

A

C) involved Freud asking the patient to simply talk, without censorship, about whatever came to mind.

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2
Q

According to Freud,children progress through stages of development in the following sequence:

A) anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital.
B) oral, anal, latency, phallic, genital.
C) oral, anal, genital, latency, phallic.
D) none of the above

A

D) none of the above

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3
Q

Anna O.

A) was one of Freud’s first psychoanalysis patients.
B) presented for treatment with severe depressive symptoms.
C) demonstrated that psychoanalytic clients can develop strong emotional attachments to their analysts.
D) more than one of the above

A

C) demonstrated that psychoanalytic clients can develop strong emotional attachments to their analysts.

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4
Q

Sammy is a child.If her personality is developing normally,Freud would say that Sammy’s punished behavior is being incorporated into her _______,and her rewarded behavior is being incorporated into her __________.

A) conscience; ego ideal
B) conscience; superego
C) inferiority complex; superiority complex
D) guilt complex; ego ideal

A

A) conscience; ego ideal

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5
Q

According to Freud,a 5-year-old child who has developed normally is most likely in the __________ stage of development.

A) oral
B) phallic
C) latency
D) anal

A

B) phallic

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6
Q

According to Freud,instinctual urges that demand immediate gratification stem from the

A) ego.
B) superego.
C) id.
D) more than one of the above

A

C) id.

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7
Q

According to Freud’s ideas about the structure of personality,the __________ arises because the __________ is inadequate at serving and preserving the organism.

A) id; superego
B) superego; ego
C) ego; id
D) superego; id

A

C) ego; id

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8
Q

The ego

A) acts as the executive of the personality.
B) operates according to the pleasure principle.
C) employs the primary processes.
D) none of the above

A

A) acts as the executive of the personality.

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9
Q

Sigmund Freud

A) smoked cigars and experienced cancer of the jaw.
B) moved to England in his later years.
C) had a daughter who became a famous psychoanalyst herself.
D) all of the above

A

D) all of the above

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10
Q

According to Freud,which personality structure utilizes the processes of learning,memory,judgment,and planning?

A) ego
B) superego
C) id
D) None of the personality structures utilize those processes.

A

A) ego

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11
Q

Breuer and Freud worked together to create __________,which was published in 1895.

A) The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
B) The Interpretation of Dreams
C) Civilization and Its Discontents
D) Studies in Hysteria

A

D) Studies in Hysteria

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12
Q

According to Freud,which of the following is true of the Oedipus complex?

A) It occurs only in female children.
B) It refers to a child’s murderous impulses against the parent of the opposite sex.
C) If successfully resolved, it gives rise to the ego.
D) none of the above

A

D) none of the above

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13
Q

What term did Freud coin to refer to the idea that everything we do has meaning and purpose?

A) psychic determinism
B) primacy of the unconscious
C) primary process dominance
D) ego defense activation

A

psychic determinism

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14
Q

What did Charcot observe while using hypnosis to treat women with hysteria?

A) that their “hysterical” symptoms would sometimes recede
B) that they would sometimes recall traumatic experiences associated with the onset of their symptoms
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

A

C) both of the above

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15
Q

What names did Freud give the two sets of instincts that serve as energy sources for humans?

A) pleasure; pain avoidance
B) Eros; Thanatos
C) Amo; Contemno
D) need; desire

A

B) Eros; Thanatos

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16
Q

According to Freud,the positive and constructive aspects of human behavior,such as sex,hunger,and the creative arts,are attributable to

A) the superego.
B) the ego.
C) Thanatos.
D) Eros.

A

D) Eros.

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17
Q

The goal of therapy,according to Freudians,is to

A) challenge and correct irrational thought patterns.
B) change the frequency of certain target behaviors.
C) make the unconscious conscious.
D) achieve self-actualization.

A

C) make the unconscious conscious.

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18
Q

__________ influenced Freud by demonstrating the curative power of hypnosis.

A) Janet
B) Charcot
C) Breuer
D) Pierre

A

B) Charcot

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19
Q

According to Freud,a 6-month-old child who has developed normally is most likely to focus on what part of his or her body for gratification?

A) mouth
B) genitals
C) anal region
D) feet

A

A) mouth

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20
Q

Why did Sigmund Freud pursue a private practice?

A) He knew that as a Jew he would probably not advance far in research/academia, which was rife with anti-Semitism.
B) As a clinical psychologist, he was following the career path that most other clinical psychologists of his time and place had followed.
C) An enduring interest in private practice is what prompted him to seek training in the first place.
D) none of the above

A

A) He knew that as a Jew he would probably not advance far in research/academia, which was rife with anti-Semitism.

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21
Q

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic of all the defense mechanisms?

A) fixation
B) projection
C) repression
D) regression

A

C) repression

22
Q

According to Freudians,the interpretation of dreams involves an examination of the __________ of the dream to uncover the __________ of the dream.

A) latent content; manifest content
B) manifest content; latent content
C) unconscious content; conscious meaning
D) symbols; merits

A

B) manifest content; latent content

23
Q

ALL BUT WHICH of the following situations may indicate resistance on the part of the client?

A) Art has spent much of the last couple sessions venting to the therapist about various political issues.
B) Renée reports a sudden, marked improvement in her symptoms, and asks what her therapist things about the idea of terminating treatment.
C) Victoria has been unable to make three of the last four scheduled sessions due to car problems, a tight deadline at work, and a bad sinus infection.
D) Any of the above may indicate resistance on the part of the client.

A

D) Any of the above may indicate resistance on the part of the client.

24
Q

Tate,who has hateful,aggressive impulses toward an important person in his life,accuses the other person of having exactly those feelings toward him.Freudians would label this action as

A) projection.
B) repression.
C) reaction formation.
D) regression.

A

A) projection.

25
Q

According to the psychosexual stages proposed by Freud,which of the following is most likely in a person characterized by excessive dependency?

A) smoking habit
B) workaholism
C) excessive cleanliness concerns
D) promiscuity

A

A) smoking habit

26
Q

According to Freud,a behavior like __________ typically occurs as an accident and is NOT the expression of an unconscious wish.

A) missing an appointment
B) a “slip of the tongue”
C) forgetting to return a phone call
D) none of the above

A

D) none of the above

27
Q

Simone is a young woman with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.According to Freud,Simone probably failed to successfully negotiate the __________ stage of development.

A) oral
B) anal
C) genital
D) phallic

A

B) anal

28
Q

According to Freud,__________ at any psychosexual stage will lead to problems in adult personality.

A) excessive frustration
B) overindulgence
C) either of the above
D) neither of the above

A

C) either of the above

29
Q

When a psychoanalysis patient is reluctant to discuss,remember,or think about events that are threatening,Freudians label this as

A) transference.
B) catharsis.
C) resistance.
D) none of the above

A

C) resistance.

30
Q

ALL BUT WHICH of the following is true of anxiety,as postulated by Freud?

A) It falls into one of four general classes.
B) It functions as a warning signal to the ego.
C) It is characterized by responses in several internal organs.
D) Each class of anxiety differs in terms of source, but not quality.

A

) It falls into one of four general classes.

31
Q

A psychoanalysis patient who reacts to the therapist as if the therapist represented some important figure out of childhood is demonstrating

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) insight.
D) working-through.

A

B) transference.

32
Q

When a psychoanalysis patient examines how many areas of his/her life have been influenced by feelings that had been unconscious prior to analysis,Freudians label this as

A) resistance.
B) working-through.
C) transference.
D) insight.

A

B) working-through.

33
Q

Micah,who is in psychoanalysis,is nervous about the possibility that his id impulses will be expressed unchecked and thus cause trouble for him.The analyst probably labels this nervousness as

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) neurotic anxiety.
C) reality anxiety.
D) moral anxiety.

A

B) neurotic anxiety.

34
Q

Deirdre has been undergoing psychoanalysis for 6 months and is starting to become conscious of hostile feelings toward her mother.Rather than discussing these uncomfortable feelings during therapy,Deirdre focuses excessively on rather petty complaints about work.Analysts would probably recognize this behavior as

A) sociopathic.
B) resistance.
C) a “flight into health.”
D) a reaction formation.

A

B) resistance.

35
Q

While they are discussing Bernie’s recently deceased father,Bernie’s psychodynamically oriented therapist encourages Bernie to compose a letter to his father,telling him everything he had wanted to tell him,but had failed to tell him,while he was alive.Bernie comes back the next week and tells his therapist that although writing the letter was an exhausting and very emotional exercise,he now feels much calmer than he did before.What term would Freud use to describe Bernie’s experience?

A) working through
B) transference
C) insight
D) catharsis

A

D) catharsis

36
Q

At an unconscious level,Zeke is intrigued and titillated by pornography,yet he was among the loudest,most earnest protestors when the city council voted to give a business license to a retailer with a large selection of pornographic films and magazines.What defense mechanism seems to be operating in Zeke’s case?

A) projection
B) reaction formation
C) fixation
D) sublimation

A

B) reaction formation

37
Q

Over the course of his psychotherapy,Jordan came to realize,with the help of his therapist,that his tendency to cut short and/or distance himself from several promising relationships was due to the sudden death of his younger sister years before,and his unconscious desire never to feel pain like that again.Following this realization,Jordan was able to initiate and maintain meaningful friendships.Psychoanalytic theorists would say that the therapy helped Jordan to

A) achieve insight.
B) experience catharsis.
C) interpret transference.
D) none of the above

A

A) achieve insight.

38
Q

Defense mechanisms are produced by the

A) superego.
B) ego.
C) id.
D) personal unconscious.

A

B) ego.

39
Q

Tamara,who has hateful,aggressive impulses toward an important person in her life,pushes these feelings out of consciousness.Freudians would label this action as

A) regression.
B) repression.
C) projection.
D) reaction formation.

A

B) repression.

40
Q

Geoffrey’s personality is characterized by the operation of very strong defense mechanisms.According to Freud,which of the following does not necessarily follow in this case?

A) Geoffrey has a weak superego.
B) Geoffrey’s view of reality is at least somewhat distorted.
C) Geoffrey is unaware of the functioning of his defense mechanisms.
D) Geoffrey has less energy (relative to those without such strong defense mechanisms) for constructive pursuits.

A

A) Geoffrey has a weak superego.

41
Q

__________ is an abbreviation for the brief form of psychodynamic therapy that emphasizes social relationships.

A) RET
B) DBT
C) IPT
D) CISD

A

C) IPT

42
Q

Research on the curative factors of psychoanalytic psychotherapy highlights the importance of

A) the frequency of transference interpretations.
B) the facilitation of the “flight into health.”
C) the quality and strength of the therapeutic alliance.
D) the accuracy of dream analysis.

A

C) the quality and strength of the therapeutic alliance.

43
Q

At a psychology conference,Dr.Albers presents a paper extolling the virtues of psychoanalytic psychotherapy.Dr.Zerbolio,who is in the audience,is a staunch critic of psychoanalytic psychotherapy.ALL BUT WHICH is a valid criticism that could be offered by Dr.Zerbolio?

A) “Isn’t it possible that by encouraging complete understanding-by spending so much time analyzing past behavior-the therapist and client delay making meaningful changes in the present?”
B) “If I’m not mistaken, the research is unclear on whether behavior change necessarily follows insight.”
C) “Even if psychoanalytic psychotherapy is effective, it seems to me that it’s simply too costly for more than a small percentage of individuals needing treatment.”
D) “Based on my understanding, the research suggests that over half of clients receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy report unsatisfactory relationships with their therapists.”

A

D) “Based on my understanding, the research suggests that over half of clients receiving psychoanalytic psychotherapy report unsatisfactory relationships with their therapists.”

44
Q

Recent reviews of psychodynamic psychotherapy

A) suggest that children and adolescents tend to experience more benefit than do adults.
B) indicate that the treatment appears to be efficacious for only depression.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

A

D) neither of the above

45
Q

Interpersonal psychotherapy

A) involves a psychotherapist taking a neutral, passive stance consistent with Freudian psychoanalysis.
B) has been empirically supported for some Axis II disorders, but no Axis I disorders.
C) focuses on problems in current relationships, rather than events from the remote past.
D) none of the above

A

C) focuses on problems in current relationships, rather than events from the remote past.

46
Q

Object relations theorists tend to emphasize

A) conflicts among intrapsychic, instinctual forces.
B) the development of an integrated self.
C) the way the patient relates to other people.
D) none of the above

A

C) the way the patient relates to other people.

47
Q

A recent meta-analyses (Cuijpers et al.,2011)on the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for depression (IPT)found that

A) IPT was superior to no treatment.
B) IPT plus medication was no better than medication alone.
C) IPT was consistently superior to other psychotherapies for depression.
D) none of the above

A

A) IPT was superior to no treatment.

48
Q

Interpretation

A) was used in Freudian psychoanalysis, but is rarely used in contemporary variations of psychoanalytic treatment.
B) typically must be offered several times to fully bring unconscious material into conscious awareness.
C) involves inducing the patient to understand thoughts or behaviors in a different manner.
D) more than one of the above

A

D) more than one of the above

49
Q

Which of the following is true according to research on the interpretation of transference?

A) Better outcome is associated with a greater frequency of interpretations.
B) Transference interpretations are uniquely effective among interpretations.
C) Transference interpretations pose no threat to the therapeutic relationship.
D) none of the above

A

D) none of the above

50
Q

Compared to Freudian psychoanalysis,contemporary forms of psychoanalytic psychotherapy

A) do not strictly require dream analysis or free association.
B) tend to emphasize early childhood less and the present situation more.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

A

C) both of the above

Clinical Psychology (12 decks)

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