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COM MOD 2.2 Bacteria 1 > Chapter 1.10 Hostpital Acquired Gram-Negatives > Flashcards

Chapter 1.10 Hostpital Acquired Gram-Negatives Flashcards

1
Q

Who is most likely to get hospital-acquired gram negative infection?

A

Hospitalized patients whose natural defenses are compromised by intravenous catheters, endo-tracheal tubes, Foley catheters and surgical incisions

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2
Q

What disease are included in hospital-acquired infections?

A

Pneumonia, urinary tract infections, wound infections, and bloodstream infections

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3
Q

What are the 4 Ws for hospital-acquired infections?

A

Wind- pneumonia
Water- urinary tract infection
Wound
Wires- intravenous lines

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4
Q

What is the most common family of organisms associated with hospital-acquired infections?

A

Enterbacteriacae family of gram-negative organisms: E.coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter

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5
Q

What are the 4 highly-resistant gram-negative bacteria?

A

Pseudomonas, Acinetobater, Steneotrophomonas, and Burkholderia

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6
Q

What is important about Psudomonas aeruginosa?

A

It colonized and infects sick, immunocompromised hospitalized patients
It is resistant to almost every antibiotic

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Obligate aerobic (non-lactose fermenter)
Gram negative rod
Produces green fluorescent pigment and blue pigment
Grape-like scent

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8
Q

What is the color of a wound infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Greenish-blue

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9
Q

What exotoxin is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Exotoxin A

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10
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a cystic fibrosis patient with pneumonia caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is colonized in their lungs

Chronic inflammation destroys their lungs

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11
Q

Who is susceptible to Osteomyelitis from pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Diabetic patients, intravenous drug abusers, and children

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12
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a diabetic patient with osteomyelitis from pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Foot ulcers infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa

Can penetrate into bone causing osteomyelitis

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13
Q

How do children develop osteomyelitis from pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Secondary to puncture wounds of the food
Ex. Stepping on nail while wearing tennis shoes because tennis shoes are a sweaty, moist environment for water-loving pseudomonas

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14
Q

What can be the end result of a patient with burn-wound infections from pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Fatal sepsis

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15
Q

What is malignant external otitis?

A

A pseudomonas external ear canal infection that burrows into the mastoid bone – seen in elderly patients

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16
Q

What is the Mneumonic for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections?

A 
BE PSEUDO 
Burns
Endocarditis
Pneumonia
Sepsis
External malignant otitis media
UTI
Diabetic osteomyelitis
O
17
Q

What are the characteristics of Burkholderia cepacia?

A

Oxidase-positive, aerobic gram negative bacillus

18
Q

Where is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia normally found?

A

Normal respiratory flora

19
Q

Who is susceptible to disease by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia?

A

Hospitalized and immunocompromised persons

20
Q

What are the infections associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia?

A

Pneumonia and line-related bacteremia

21
Q

What are the characteristics of Acinetobacter?

A

Aerobic gram-negative bacteria found in solid and water

22
Q

What can be caused from Acinetobacter?

A

Hospital-acquired pneumonia, line related bacteremia, burn infections and Foley catheter-associated urinary tract infections

23
Q

Why does Acinetaobacter get confused with Neisseria or gram-positive organisms?

A

They can be cocci bacillary (short rods) or coccal in appearance or form diplococci on solid media

24
Q

What is the best prevention method for hospital-acquired infections?

A

Prevent them in the first place
Good hygiene by health care practitioners
Limiting use of invasive devices
Judicious use of antibiotics

COM MOD 2.2 Bacteria 1 (12 decks)

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